Iindlela zokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha (inxalenye yesi-2)

Emva kwengcaciso yoLwesibini yokuguqulwa kokuziphatha, namhlanje ndiza kuqhubeka ndichaza iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuguqula ukuziphatha kwabantwana bakho. Khumbula ukuba ungasebenzisa indlela enye wedwa okanye xa uyidibanisa, kwaye kufuneka uqine kwizigqibo zakho.

Ndiyathemba ukuba uza kuzifumana ziluncedo.

INDLELA YOKUPHUMA KWEXESHA.

Le ndlela imele utshintsho lwendlela yangaphambili kuba yindlela Ngokusisiseko isebenzisa ukurhoxiswa kwengqwalaseloNgoko ke, imigaqo emininzi echazwe apho iyasebenza apha, kodwa ineengongoma ezithile.

Kwimeko yokukhala, umsindo, okanye ukwenzakalisa okukhulu (umzekelo, xa kukho ukulahleka kolawulo), ingasetyenziswa indlela "yokuphumla"Oku kuquka ukumsusa umntwana ngokoqobo kwindawo akuyo ngoku aze amse egumbini lakhe okanye kwenye indawo ixesha elifutshane. Kungenjalo, abazali banokuzisusa kwindawo akuyo umntwana (xa kunokwenzeka, umzekelo, kwigumbi lokutyela).

Makhe sijonge ezinye izikhokelo zokuqhuba ngokufanelekileyo:

1. Indawo esiyisusa kuyo okwethutyana Kufuneka ibe yindawo apho angenakufikelela khona kwimidlalo okanye kwezinye iindlela zokuzonwabisa.Asikuko ukumfumana kwindawo enobutshaba, kodwa yindawo ekruqulayo enamathuba amancinci okuba akwazi ukwenza nantoni na ukuchitha ixesha.
2. Simeleukumdlulisela kwangoko emva kokuba ukuziphatha kubonakale okanye xa kufikelele kwinqanaba elingaguqukiyo (umzekelo, ingxabano phakathi kwabazalwana noodade efikelela kwinqanaba lokulahlekelwa lulawulo).
3. Musa ukuphikisana nayeMusa ukubhenela ekugxekeni okanye ekuthetheni amagama ahlekisayo anjengokuthi, "Umbi kakhulu kwaye ndiza kukohlwaya," okanye "Ndidiniwe nguwe, awunathemba..." Endaweni yoko, ungachaza isizathu sokukhutshwa kwakho ngaphandle ngelizwi elizolileyo kodwa eliqinileyo neliqinisekileyo. Ukuze wenze oku, chaza isikhalazo sakho ngokucacileyo: "Ekubeni ubethe umntakwenu omncinci, awuzukukwazi ukudlala naye." Musa ukungayinaki nayiphi na izikhalazo okanye izithembiso. Khumbula ukubonakala unomsindo, kodwa ungaphumi engqondweni. Ingcinga kukuthumela umyalezo ocacileyo wokuba wenze into engalunganga kwaye simcaphukisile. Kule meko, kwaye ngokufutshane, ungatsho into efana nale (ukulungisa umyalezo ukuze uvumelane nobudala bomntwana): "Undiphoxile kakhulu kangangokuba andifuni ukuba nawe ngoku. Ndiziva ndibuhlungu kakhulu."
4. Musa ukumvumela ukuba aphume kwindawo yokuzihlukanisa ngaphambi kwexesha. Ukuba wenza njalo, mlumkise ngemiphumo emibi engakumbi, efana nokuhlala kule meko ixesha elide.
5. Ixesha lokuzahlula liqhelekile Kubalwa ngokusekelwe kumzuzu omnye ngonyaka womntwana, ubuninzi bayo buyi-20 imizuzu. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufanele kuhlolwe ngabazali. Akukhuthazwa ukuba ixesha elide lihlale ixesha elide kuba linokubangela okuchaseneyo nendlela esifuna ukuyisusa.
6. Ukuba, xa sisiya kumbamba, uphinde waziphatha ngendlela engafanelekanga, simele simlumkise ukuba ukuba ufuna ukuphuma, makayeke ukwenza oko ubuncinane imizuzwana eli-15. Hlala uqinile kwisigqibo sakho. Ukuba uphumelele uvavanyo, iziqendu zinokuncipha kakhulu; ukuba uyanikezela, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ziya kwanda.
7. En ukuba oko kuye kwabangela umonakalo ngaphakathi kwigumbi labakhweli (into eyonakeleyo okanye eyaphukileyo) kufuneka iyitshintshe okanye iyilungise ngesenzo esithile ngaphambi kokuba ihambe.
8. Simele silumke ukuba oku kurhoxa ngokwasemzimbeni akumniki naluphi na uhlobo lwenzuzo engathanga ngqo umntwana. Umzekelo, ukuba umntwana uyakwazi ukuyeka ukufunda okanye ukuphepha ukutya into angayithandiyo, siya kuba siqinisa ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga.

Le ndlela idla ngokuba

Isebenza kakhulu xa isetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo nangokucokisekileyo.

Ukusebenza kwale ndlela, nokuba sisusa ingqalelo, kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba sibangela, kuxhomekeke ekubonakaleni kweendlela zokuziphatha ezingafunekiyo, enye yezona "zixhala zobuntwana" zixhaphakileyo: ixhala lokuhlukana. Nokuba umntwana sele emdala ngokwaneleyo ukuba azi ukuba akayi kushiywa, ukuphinda ahlukane nale xhala kunokubangela ixhala langaphakathi. Into abanokuyixhalabela ngoku asikokwahlukana ngokwasemzimbeni kodwa kukwahlukana ngokweemvakalelo. Ngoko ke, umntwana uya kulungisa indlela aziphethe ngayo ngoku nakwixesha elizayo kungekhona ngenxa yezizathu zabazali kodwa ngenxa yabo (uloyiko lokuphulukana nenkxaso yeemvakalelo yabazali babo).

Njengakwezinye iindlela ezisekelwe ekutsaleni ingqalelo, khumbula ukuba amaxesha okunika ingqalelo kumntwana kufuneka aqaliswe kuxhomekeke ekubonakaleni kwezenzo zakhe ezifunwayo. Ukuqinisa ngamazwi nangokomzimba (indumiso, ukuwola, ukubonakalisa uvuyo, ukunika umvuzo, njl.njl.) kubalulekile.

UQOQOSHO LWETOKEN. IXABISO LEEMPENDULO.

Akuncedi konke konke ukuba umntwana ufumana izipho okanye amathoyizi ngokulula nangona ebonisa ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo okanye okungathobeliyo. Njengenxalenye yonyango olupheleleyo, le ndlela eyaziwa ngokuba... "uqoqosho lwethokheni" Ngokuqhelekileyo kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekulawuleni ukomelezwa okufumaneka ngumntwana. Ukuphumelela ibhaso (ithoyi, uhambo oluya epakini yemidlalo, uhambo olude, njl.njl.) kufuneka enze uthotho lweendlela zokuziphatha ezifunwayo (okanye bayeke ukwenza abanye) ekufuneka kuchazwe (baziphathe kakuhle, bathobele, bafunde, bacoce izinto zabo, njl.njl.).

Emva kokwenza olu hlobo lokuziphatha, umntu oqinisayo uya kunikwa ngoko nangoko. (amanqaku, iithokheni…) umntwana aza kuziqokelela ade afikelele kwisixa esithile, apho aya kufumana khona umvuzo wokugqibela. Imivuzo emincinci, ekhawulezileyo inokuvunyelwana ngayo kwiindlela ezithile zokuziphatha ezifunwayo ngelixa amanqaku eqokelelwa kwibhaso elikhulu (ukuqiniswa okulibazisekileyo). Into ebalulekileyo kukwenza umntwana aqonde ukuba ufumana iingenelo kunye namalungelo amakhulu ngokuziphatha ngokuchanekileyo.

Makhe sijonge amanye amanqaku abalulekileyo ukuze isebenze kakuhle:

1. La mabhaso kufuneka kuvunyelwane ngawo kwangaphambili.Thetha ngokucacileyo kwaye utsalele umntwana. Khangela izinto aza kuzithanda ngokwenene (akuncedi ukwenza ngathi uza kuphumelela into ayifunayo, njengeepensele ezintsha zesikolo).
2. Qinisekisa ukuba ungazifumana lula ekuqaleni ukuze umkhuthazeUkunikezelwa kwala mabhaso kufanele kuhambisane nendumiso enyanisekileyo efana nokuthi "Ndonwabile kakhulu," "wenza kakuhle kakhulu...," kwaye, ngokucacileyo, akufuneki kuhambisane neengxelo ezimbi ezifana nokuthi "makhe sibone ukuba oku kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ..." Okukhona umntwana emncinci okanye engazolanga, kokukhona amaxesha okuvavanywa kokuziphatha kufuneka abe mafutshane (ukuthembisa into ethile ukuba uyaphumelela kwikhosi kwiinyanga ezintathu akuyi kusebenza).
3. Kwimeko yabantwana abanomdla kakhulu, khumbula ukuba kukho ubunzima obuthile ekulibaziseni izinto. Kuzo zonke ezi meko, ukuba ithokheni inikwa njengesiqinisekisi, ingatshintshwa (ubuncinane ekuqaleni) ngoko nangoko ngento umntwana ayifunayo (ithoyi encinci, iilekese, njl.njl.). Le nkqubo ifanayo mayilandelwe ngabantwana abaneziphene zengqondo.
4. Kubalulekile ukwenza uluhlu okanye ipowusta apho imeko yamanqaku afunyenweyo kunye nalawo afunekayo ukufikelela kwibhaso anokubonwa khona, xa elibazisekile ngokwesicwangciso esimiselweyo. Xa kwenzeka Ukuvela kokuziphatha kakubi kunokubandakanya ukususwa kwabanye yamanqaku (ixabiso lempendulo).
5. Sebenzisa le ndlela rhoqo kwaye ungaphoxeki xa uqala ukungaphumeleli. Kuthatha ixesha ukutshintsha imikhwa emibi kwaye akukho zisombululo zomlingo.
6. Khumbula ukuba xa unika umntwana wakho imiyalelo, kufuneka ukwenze ngokucacileyo nangokufutshane, ngaphandle kokuphikisana, nangendlela eqondakalayo ngokweminyaka yakhe.Zama ukungenzi njalo kunye nokukhuthaza ukudibana ngokomzimba (ukusetyenziswa kokukhuthaza kuye kwabonakala ngathi kwandisa kakhulu ukungathobeli imithetho).

Ezi ndlela zihlala zisebenza kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuziphatha ekhaya nasesikolweni. Injongo ayikokuba umntwana afunde ukuziphatha kuphela ngemivuzo, kodwa kukuqala ngokumnika izizathu zokutshintsha ukuziphatha kwakhe. Okulindelweyo kukuba, kwixesha elizayo, ukuziphatha okufanelekileyo kuya kugcinwa kungengenxa yemivuzo, kodwa yinto esiyibiza ngokuba "zizinto zokuqinisa ngokwemvelo." Umzekelo, umntwana usenokuyeka ekuqaleni ukuziphatha okuthile okuphazamisayo ukuze afumane umvuzo, kodwa olu tshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha lunokukhokelela ekunxibelelaneni ngcono nabahlobo, kwaye kwixesha eliphakathi, oku kuba yinto enamandla ngakumbi kunomvuzo wokuqala. Iindlela zokuziphatha emva koko zilawulwa ziziphumo ezilungileyo eziveliswa kwindawo akuyo.

Imithombo:

• ZQUIERDO, A. (1988): Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela kunye neendlela kunyango lokuziphatha, Promolibro.
• KOZLOFF, MA (1980): Ukufunda nokuziphatha ebuntwaneni. Iingxaki kunye nonyango, Fontanella.
• UMARTOS, J. (1984): Abazali bakwafundisa: isikhokelo esisebenzayo, i-APNA.
• RIBES, E. (1972): Iindlela zokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo ekulibazisekeni kophuhliso, eTrillas, eMexico.