I-Down Syndrome (Icandelo lesi-2). Imisebenzi yoPhuhliso lwezeNgqondo

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Kwinqaku lokugqibela sinike inkcazo emfutshane ye-Down syndrome kunye nendlela efunyaniswa ngayo. Kodwa asikathethi ngayo Indlela yokukhuthaza uphuhliso lwengqondo lwabantwana abane-Down syndromeokanye naluphi na olunye ulibaziseko.

Los iintsana ezine-Down syndrome Bafana nabantwana abaqhelekileyo, kodwa baneengxaki ezithile kwaye bacotha ukufunda. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantwana, aba bantwana, bafuna okufanayo nomntwana oqhelekileyo, okanye ngamanye amaxesha nangaphezulu.

Iintsana ezinesi sifo zifuna okufanayo kunomntwana oqhelekileyo Nangona kunjalo, into enokuthi itshintshe ziingxaki zempilo umntu anokuba nazo, kuba le yenye yeempawu zesifo.

Enye yezo ngxaki ikwimeko ithoni yezihlunu nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kubo ukufunda izinto ezifana ukuhlala phantsi okanye ukufunda ukuhambaYingakho ukuvuselela kwangethuba kubaluleke kangaka, ingakumbi kolu hlobo lweentsana, ezifuna ukuvuselela kungekuphela nje ukuze zishukume, kodwa nokuphuhlisa amandla azo nokuba zikhubazekile kangakanani na.

Ukuba akunjalo, khumbula ukuba Umntu one-Down syndrome unako ukwenza nantoni na ukuba uzimisele ukuyenza. (umzekelo, sibhekisa kwimeko kaPablo Pineda, umntu wokuqala ukufumana isidanga saseyunivesithi.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKPGa3CcR2g&feature=player_embedded[/youtube]

Apha ngezantsi sicebisa eminye imisebenzi kunye nezikhokelo ekufuneka zilandelwe kwiintsana ezine-Down syndrome, ngokomgaqo, ezinokufunda okufanayo nomntwana oqhelekileyo, zifuna nje ixesha elingakumbi.

Ukukhuthaza kwangethuba abantwana abane-Down syndrome

Ukususela kwiinyanga "ezingenanto" ukuya kwiinyanga "ezintathu".

Iinjongo:

  • Ukulwa ne-hypotonia yemisipha.
  • Sebenza ekuqondeni izivamvo (ngokuyintloko ukubona, ukuva kunye nokuchukumisa).
  • Ukuphuculwa kunye nokuqaliswa kwe-reflexes (Inkxaso esecaleni nangaphambili).
  • Ukulungelelanisa iintshukumo (iingalo, imilenze, intloko).
  • Intshayelelo kwintshukumo yokurhuqa.

Uluhlu lwemithambo.

  • Ukugoba kunye nokwandiswa kwemilenze neengalo.
  • Ukudluliselwa kweengalo kwindawo yokuhlala (bamba intloko ekuqaleni).
  • Ukujika ecaleni.
  • Exhonywe ezinyaweni zakhe.
  • Iintloko ezisemacaleni zijika zihambelana neentshukumo zeengalo.
  • Ukwimeko yokuthamba nokuzolula, ume ngonyawo ngalunye ngokulandelelana kwaye umlenze ugobile, ukuze umeme ukukhasa.
  • Kukukhanya okuncinci, izibane ezinemibala ethambileyo zokulandela ngamehlo.
  • Isandi seentsimbi, iintsimbi ezijingle, isandi esirhabaxa, amacala, umva.
  • Hlikihla ngezandla zakho kunye nebrashi ethambileyo kakhulu, kuwo wonke umzimba, ingakumbi kufutshane namalungu.

Ubude kunye nokuphindaphinda.

  • Yonke inkqubo yokuzilolonga ingathatha phakathi kweyure enye ukuya kwezimbini, kuba kwelinye icala kukho ukuphindaphinda okuninzi koqeqesho ngalunye, kwaye phakathi kwalo kuyacetyiswa ukuba umgone umntwana, uthethe naye, njl.
  • Itafile iphindaphindwa kanye okanye kabini ngemini.
  • Kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele le ndlela xa usenza imithambo.
  • Kufuneka uzame ukwenza umthambo ngaphambi kokutya ngakunye ngezizathu ezicacileyo.

ukuvuselela kwangoko

Ukususela kwiinyanga "ezintathu" ukuya "ezintandathu".

Iinjongo:

  • Qinisa kwaye uphucule ithoni yemisipha.
  • Sebenza ekuqondeni izivamvo (ngokuyintloko ukubona, ukuva kunye nokuchukumisa).
  • Ukuphuculwa kokwenziwa kwe-reflex (inkxaso esecaleni nengaphambili).
  • Ukulungelelanisa iintshukumo (iingalo, imilenze, intloko).
  • Qinisekisa intshukumo yokutsala.

Iitafile zokuzilolonga.

Zifana kakhulu nexesha elidlulileyo ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-0 ukuya kwezi-3, kuphela inani lokuphindaphinda komthambo ngamnye onyuswayo, kunye nokufuna "umgangatho" omkhulu ekuphunyezweni kwawo.

  • Ukugoba kunye nokwandiswa kwemilenze neengalo.
  • Tsala iingalo zakho uzibeke phantsi.
  • Ukujika ecaleni.
  • Exhonywe ngeenyawo zakhe, ephakamisa intloko yakhe ejonge etafileni, ukuze akhuthaze i-parachute reflex.
  • Iintloko ezisemacaleni zijika zihambelana neentshukumo zeengalo.
  • Ukwimeko yokuthamba nokuzolula, ume ngonyawo ngalunye ngokulandelelana kwaye umlenze ugobile, ukuze umeme ukukhasa.
  • Kukukhanya okuncinci, izibane ezinemibala ethambileyo zokulandela ngamehlo.
  • Isandi seentsimbi, iintsimbi ezijingle, isandi esirhabaxa, amacala, umva.
  • Hlikihla ngezandla zakho kunye nebrashi ethambileyo kakhulu, kuwo wonke umzimba, ingakumbi kufutshane namalungu.
  • Ukuphulula kuqala ngesixhobo sokuphulula sakudala esibekwe ngasemva kwesandla, apho intende yesandla idlulisela unxibelelwano kunye nokungcangcazela emzimbeni womntwana. Ubuso kunye namalungu ziphululwa ngokukodwa.
  • Ezona nkalo zisisiseko zomzimba wakhe zibonakaliswa kuye, ngokuthatha isandla sakhe asisondeze ebusweni bakhe, ngokufanayo nangeenyawo zakhe.

Ubude kunye nokuphindaphinda.

  • Yonke inkqubo yokuzilolonga ingathatha phakathi kweyure enye ukuya kwezimbini, kuba kwelinye icala kukho ukuphindaphinda okuninzi koqeqesho ngalunye, kwaye phakathi kwalo kuyacetyiswa ukuba umgone umntwana, uthethe naye, njl.
  • Itafile iphindaphindwa kanye okanye kabini ngemini.
  • Kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele le ndlela xa usenza imithambo.
  • Kufuneka uzame ukwenza umthambo ngaphambi kokutya ngakunye ngezizathu ezicacileyo.

Iziphumo:

  • Ithoni yemisipha ilungile, i-hypotonia ngoku ayibonakali.
  • Uyakwazi ukuhlala yedwa (ngenkxaso evela kwiinyanga ezi-3) nangona ukuzinza kwakhe kungapheli de kube ziinyanga ezisibhozo.
  • Thabatha izinto ozinikwayo.
  • Uyahleka aze akhwaze ngovuyo.
  • Inokuhamba kakuhle komlomo.

ukuvuselela abantwana abane-Down syndrome

Ukususela kwiinyanga "ezintandathu" ukuya "ezilishumi elinesibini".

Iinjongo:

  • Lungiselela ukukhasa.
  • Ukusebenza ekuqondeni imizwa.
  • Ukuphuculwa kunye nokuqaliswa kwe-reflexes (inkxaso esecaleni nangaphambili), ekufuneka sele iphuhlisiwe kakhulu, kubeka izandla xa zijika naxa zisihla.
  • Ukuphucula ukulungelelaniswa kweentshukumo (iingalo, imilenze, intloko).
  • Phucula i imoto entle.

Iitafile zokuzilolonga

  • Ukugoba kunye nokwandisa imilenze kunye neengalo (ukuphindaphinda okuninzi)
  • Tsala iingalo zakho uzibeke phantsi.
  • Ukujika ecaleni.
  • Ukuxhonywa ezinyaweni kunye nokwehla okuthambileyo nokujika.
  • Iintloko ezisemacaleni zijika zihambelana neentshukumo zeengalo.
  • Tsala iplani ethambekileyo, unyuse ithambeka kancinci kancinci.
  • Thabatha umntwana umgcine kwindawo yokukhasa, ushukumisa imilenze neengalo zakhe ngendlela enqamlezileyo.
  • Kwisibane esincinci, landela umqadi wetotshi ehambahamba egumbini.
  • Hlukanisa phakathi kwesandi nokuthula kwentsimbi.
  • Uyayenza isandi okanye ayithulise intsimbi xa simcela.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kwemidlalo yokubopha intambo.
  • Beka izinto kwityhubhu.
  • Yandisa ulwazi ngeskimu yomzimba ukuze ibandakanye iinkcukacha ezingakumbi, amehlo, umlomo, amazinyo, njl.
  • Dlala izandi azaziyo kakhulu (umnxeba, iwotshi, amanzi, njl.njl.) uze uzibize ngamagama njengoko uqhubeka.
  • Phinda amagama kuye kancinci kancinci, afane negama lakhe, utata, umama, njl., umenze akujonge aze azame ukuwaphinda.
  • Mnike incasa emnandi (kwincam yolwimi), enetyuwa (emacaleni) kunye nekrakra (emqolo).
  • Massage ngesixhobo sokumassage (imodeli endala), esibekwa ngasemva kwesandla, apho intende yesandla idlulisela unxibelelwano kunye nokungcangcazela emzimbeni womntwana, ingakumbi ukumassage ubuso kunye namalungu.

Ubude bexesha kunye nokuphindaphinda

  • Itafile iphindaphindwa kabini ngemini.
  • Kucetyiswa ukuba ulandele le ndlela xa usenza imithambo.

Iziphumo:

  • Iqala ukukhasa (iinyanga ezilishumi elinesibini).
  • Thabatha izinto ezincinci usebenzisa isixhobo sokubamba ngesandla.
  • Yeka ukulala ngomqolo nobuso phantsi uye kuhlala phantsi.
  • Ubanjwe ngamakhwapha.
  • Bamba uze ubethe izinto ngokuthe nkqo nangokuthe tye.
  • Ukhomba ngomnwe wakhe wokukhomba.
  • Khupha izinto uzibeke kwisitya.
  • Tsala izangqa ezinkulu zingene kwaye ziphume emngxunyeni.
  • Khangela into ayiwisileyo.
  • Tsala intambo ukuze ufumane into ongenakukwazi ukuyifikelela.
  • Fumana into efihliweyo phantsi kwekomityi.
  • Uphendula ngokucacileyo kwigama lakhe.
  • Utsho utata, umama, utatomkhulu, umnakekeli.
  • Funda intsingiselo yegama elithi tata, mama.
  • Iquka isithintelo esilula.
  • Uyaqonda kwaye uyayilandela imiyalelo elula.
  • Ulingisa iintshukumo kunye neempawu zomzimba zomntu omdala.
  • Sela kwikomityi ngoncedo.
  • Yitya iziqwenga ezincinci zesonka kunye netshizi ngaphandle koncedo, uhlafuna.
  • Dlalani ngentsebenziswano nebhola.
  • Ukhulula izihlangu zakhe, iikawusi, kunye nomnqwazi.

Njengoko sisazi ukuba umntwana ngamnye wahlukile, ngoko ke inkqubo yokukhuthaza kufuneka yenziwe ngokwezifiso, okucacileyo kukuba ukuvuselela kwangethuba kwangethuba, kokukhona kungcono. Okubaluleke kakhulu kukufezekisa la manqanaba ngokulandelelana ngokuchanekileyo, kungekhona xa efezekiswa. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuvuselela kwangethuba kusebenza ngakumbi kwiminyaka emine yokuqala yobomi, njengoko kusebenzisa ngcono ukuqina kwengqondo.

Imithombo:

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