Umhlahlandlela ophelele wabakhiqizi befomethi ye-APA: ukuqhathanisa namathiphu ayisihluthulelo okucaphuna kahle

Ifomethi ye-APA isibe yindinganiso ebalulekile kunoma ubani ongena kwezemfundo, kungaba semikhakheni yesayensi yezenhlalo noma yocwaningo. Uma wake wakhungathekiswa umsebenzi wokudala izinkomba, awuwedwa! Ngenhlanhla, namuhla kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinkomba ze-APA ezizenzakalelayo kanye nezinkomba ezithembisa ukonga isikhathi futhi zigweme amaphutha angakubiza amaphuzu emaphepheni noma emisebenzini. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ama-generator anikeza izici ezifanayo, futhi awanembile noma aphelele ngokulinganayo.

Kulesi sihloko, ngikulethela umhlahlandlela ophelele nowakamuva wazo zonke izinketho ezihamba phambili ezitholakalayo ku-inthanethi okwamanje zokudala izingcaphuno nezinkomba ze-APA, ezihlanganisa kokubili uhlelo lwesikhombisa (olwakamuva kakhulu) kanye nolwedlule. Ngizophinde nginikeze amathiphu okuwasebenzisa ngendlela efanele, ngigqamise umehluko ofanele kakhulu phakathi kwezinguqulo, futhi nginikeze ukuqhathanisa okuqotho ukukusiza ukhethe ithuluzi elifanele izidingo zakho. Lungisa ipeni nephepha lakho, ngoba ngemva kokufunda lokhu, uzoba nombono ophelele ongeke uwuthole kuwebhusayithi eyodwa.

Kungani kufanele usebenzise ifomethi ye-APA futhi nini lapho kufanele?

Isitayela se-APA , esakhiwe yi-American Psychological Association, singesinye sezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekubhaleni kwezemfundo emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni efana ne -psychology, imfundo, kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo nokuziphatha . Inhloso eyinhloko yefomethi ye-APA ukwenza kube ngendlela efanayo indlela izinkomba kanye nezingcaphuno ezivezwa ngayo, ukuze noma yimuphi umfundi akwazi ukufinyelela ngokushesha umthombo wokuqala futhi ahlole ubuqiniso bedatha evezwayo. Uma ubhala iphepha lezemfundo, isihloko sesayensi, ithisisi ye-undergraduate, ithisisi ye-master, noma i-dissertation yobudokotela (noma ngisho nezincwadi ezinyatheliswe kumajenali aphesheya), cishe kuzodingeka ulandele le ndinganiso ngokunembile.

Ukucaphuna kwe-APA okufanele akuyona nje indaba yenqubo; kubalulekile ngezizathu eziningana:

• Uyaqaphela ukuthi ungumbhali futhi ugwema ukukopisha: Ubonisa ukuthi uyawuhlonipha umsebenzi wangaphambilini wabanye abacwaningi.
• Uyaqinisa izimpikiswano zakhoUmsebenzi osekelwa kahle yimithombo unesisindo esikhulu semfundo.
• Usiza ukubonisana nokuqinisekiswa kwedathaAbafundi bakho bangaya kalula emthonjeni uma bedinga ukuqinisekisa okuthile.

Kumelwe ucaphune njalo uma uthatha idatha, imibono, noma izimpikiswano komunye umbhali , ngaphandle uma kuwulwazi lomphakathi noma ulwazi oluvamile.

Iyini ngempela ifomethi ye-APA?

Isitayela se-APA siyisethi yemithetho enemininingwane elawula izingcaphuno ezikumbhalo, amanothi okugcina, kanye nezici zokufometha ezijwayelekile njengefonti, isikhala, imingcele, kanye nesakhiwo sezihloko namathebula. Isici sayo esiyinhloko yizingcaphuno zosuku lombhali : isibongo sombhali kanye nonyaka wokushicilelwa kufakwa kubakaki ngaphakathi kombhalo, isibonelo (Pérez, 2021) . Kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinguqulo ezahlukene, kanti uhlelo lwesikhombisa (2020) luyilolusesikhathini kakhulu futhi olusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke namuhla.

Kungani udinga i-generator yefomethi ye-APA?

Ukuqonda isitayela se-APA kudinga ukunaka kakhulu imithetho ethile ephathelene nezimpawu zokubhala, omalukeke, ukuhleleka kombhali, kanye nezakhiwo ezikhethekile kuye ngohlobo lomthombo . Amaphutha avamile (ikakhulukazi emininingwaneni efana nama-DOI, ama-URL, ukushiywa kwababhali noma izinsuku), futhi umhlahlandlela wesitayela ubuyekezwa njalo. Ama-generator e-APA azenzakalelayo avele ukwenza impilo ibe lula kakhulu kubafundi, abacwaningi, kanye noprofesa ngokukhiqiza izingcaphuno ezinembile ngemizuzwana. Kodwa akubona bonke abadalwa belingana: abanye bagxile ohlelweni lwe-APA 6, abanye ohlelweni lwe-APA 7, kanti abanye banikeza ukuqhathanisa, usizo olwengeziwe, ngisho nokuhlola amaphutha noma ukuhlanganiswa nezizindalwazi zesayensi zangempela.

Umhlahlandlela wokuqhathanisa: ama-generator efomethi ye-APA abuyekeziwe kakhulu

Nasi isifinyezo sezinkampani ezikhiqiza amafomethi e-APA eziku-inthanethi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezitholakalayo njengamanje. Ngihlaziye amandla azo, izici zazo ezihlukile, nokuthi zingalungiswa kanjani ngokwezidingo zakho ezithile.

1. Scribbr: Ijeneretha ye-APA ezenzakalelayo kanye nomhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

I-Scribbr ivelele njengenye yezinsizakusebenza eziphelele kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukuqina kwezemfundo kanye nokulula ukuyisebenzisa. I-generator yayo yefomethi ye-APA ikuvumela ukuthi udale ngokuzenzakalelayo kokubili izingcaphuno ezikumbhalo kanye nezinkomba ezigcwele, njalo mahhala futhi ibuyekezwa ngokwenguqulo yesikhombisa . Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlahlandlela wayo ochazayo uhambisana nesigaba ngasinye somhlahlandlela wesitayela futhi ugxile emininingwaneni efana nalokhu:

• Umehluko phakathi kokucashunwa okubhalwe ngabakaki kanye nokulandisa, ngezibonelo ezibonisiwe.
• Indlela yokucaphuna imithombo enababhali noma izinhlangano eziningi, ngamathebula okuqhathanisa.
• Okufanele ukwenze uma ulwazi olubalulekile lungekho (umbhali, usuku, inombolo yekhasi, njll.).
• Izibonelo ezicacile zesimo ngasinye ezichaza imiqondo ehlukene yezimpawu zokubhala.
• Iziqondiso zokufometha ezithile zekhasi lezinkomba: ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu zamagama, isikhala semigqa, uhlobo lwefonti, ukuhlehla, kanye nokufaka izinombolo zekhasi.

Akungabazeki ukuthi iyinsiza enconywayo kwabaqalayo kanye nalabo abafuna ukunemba okuphezulu.

2. I-BibGuru: hlela, hlela futhi ukholise

Lo mkhiqizi we-APA wokucaphuna ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokucaphuna imithombo ukuqinisekisa noma yimuphi umbhalo wezemfundo. Impikiswano yawo eyinhloko ukuthi ukucaphuna akukhona nje ukuhambisana nemithetho, kodwa futhi nokwakha impikiswano eqinile ngokubonisa ukuthi umbhali usebenzise imithombo ethembekile. Phakathi kwezici zayo eziwusizo kakhulu yilezi:

• Chaza ngokucacile Kungani, nini, futhi yini okufanele uyisho? emsebenzini, ukusiza ngisho nalabo abasanda kuqala ucwaningo.
• Kwenza kube lula ukukhetha ukuthi mingaki imithombo ozoyicaphuna kuye ngohlobo lomsebenzi (isibonelo, ezindabeni zokubuyekeza kulindeleke uhlu olude kakhulu).

Ithuluzi elenzelwe ukonga isikhathi nokufunda izisekelo ngokushesha.

3. I-MyBib: ijeneretha ewusizo enezinkomba zangempela

I-MyBib idlula kakhulu ama-generator ayisisekelo. Inikeza izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela zezinkomba ze-APA futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ufake ama-URL, amakheli e-PDF, futhi useshe izinsiza ongaziguqula zibe izingcaphuno ezilungele ukukopishwa/ukunamathiselwa. Amandla ayo amakhulu yilawa:

• Kuhlanganisa izibonelo ezithathwe ngqo ezincwadini zesayensi, ezinefomethi enembile kanye nama-DOI angempela.
• Ivumela ukuhlanganisa uhlu oluphelele lwezinkomba kwamandla.
• Iyahambisana namawebhusayithi, izincwadi, izihloko, ama-wiki, njll.

Kungenye yezinketho ezithandwa kakhulu kulabo abafuna ukubona ukuthi uhlu lwabo lwezincwadi kufanele lubukeke kanjani , kanye nokuzijwayeza ngezinkomba zangempela.

4. I-HazMiTrabajo: ukuqhathanisa abakhiqizi be-APA abangcono kakhulu

Labo abakhetha ukubuka konke okubanzi nokuqhathanisa izinsizakalo ezahlukene bazokwazisa izinsiza ezifana nalezo ezinikezwa yi-HazMiTrabajo.es. Le bhulogi ihlanganisa abakhiqizi bemisebenzi abayinhloko emakethe, ichaza izinzuzo zabo, imikhawulo, kanye nohlobo lomsebenzisi abaqondisa kuye. Amanye amaphrojekthi abawahlaziyile afanele ukukhulunywa ngawo yile:

• I-Citethisforme: Kuthandwa kakhulu, kunesandiso se-Chrome kanye nezilimi eziningi (vakashela i-Citethisforme).
• I-BibMe: I-interface elula, ukuhlolwa kwesipelingi kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemibhalo (Bheka i-BibMe).
• Umshini wokucaphunaIhlinzeka ngamathuluzi okugwema ukukopisha amaphutha esipelingi kanye nokukopisha, kanye nesizindalwazi semibhalo eyizigidi (Okuningi okuvela ku-Citation Machine).
• EasyBibKufana neCitation Machine, enamathuluzi azenzakalelayo kanye nenguqulo yamahhala (iya ku-EasyBib).
• Izinkomba ZezincwadiNgaphezu kwejeneretha ye-APA, ihlanganisa iVancouver futhi inikeza iziqondiso ezisebenzayo (Isixhumanisi sezinkomba zezincwadi).
• I-KnightCiteIfanelekela i-APA, i-MLA kanye ne-Chicago, akukho ukubhaliswa okudingekayo, ifanelekela ukucashunwa kwesivinini.
• i-eTurabian: Igxile kufomethi yeTurabian kodwa inenketho ye-APA, yize isebenza nohlelo lwesi-6.
• Ijeneretha ye-APA ye-WordKuhlanganiswe ne-Microsoft Word, okuwusizo emsebenzini oyisisekelo wansuku zonke.

Umnikelo oyinhloko wale webhusayithi ukukusiza ukuthi ukhethe ithuluzi elifanela kahle izidingo zakho, kuye ngohlobo lomthombo noma umsebenzi ozokwethulwa.

5. I-APA.org.es: Ukunemba kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kohlelo lwesi-7

Ku-APA.org.es uzothola ijeneretha ebuyekeziwe yohlelo lwesikhombisa , eyenzelwe abafundi, ochwepheshe, kanye nothisha ukuze bakhiqize ngokushesha izingcaphuno ezinembile . Izici ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Una isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo futhi iqondile: ilungele abasebenzisi abanolwazi oluncane lobuchwepheshe.
• Bagcizelela ukuthi ukunemba ngokuphelele kanye nokulandela ngokuqinile yonke imihlahlandlela yakamuva ye-APA.
• Basekela ukukhiqizwa kwezinkomba ze imithombo ehlukahlukene (izincwadi, izihloko, amawebhusayithi, njll.).
• Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa kanye nezinsiza ezengeziwe zokuphendula imibuzo evame ukubuzwa kanye nokuchaza umqondo ongemuva kwemithetho.

Inketho enconywayo kulabo abafuna ibhalansi engcono kakhulu phakathi kwesivinini nokunemba ezibhekiselweni.

6. I-Grafiati: ijeneretha ekhethekile yezinhlelo ze-APA

Nakuba iningi labakhiqizi manje ligxile kuhlelo lwesikhombisa, iGrafiati igcina zombili izinhlobo zibuyekeziwe, inikeza ukwesekwa kokubili i-APA 7 ne-APA 6. Lo mehluko ubalulekile njengoba kusenamanyuvesi, omagazini, namaphepha adinga inguqulo endala. Izici zayo ezithakazelisa kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukuguqulwa okuzenzakalelayo phakathi kwe-APA 6 ne-APA 7, noma kusuka/kuya kwezinye izitayela.
• Ukulawula okugcwele imininingwane ethile yohlelo ngalunye (ikakhulukazi ukuhleleka kanye nohlobo lwezingcaphuno nezinkomba).
• Ilungele umsebenzi odinga ukuthunyelwa ezikhungweni ezahlukene ezinezidingo ezikhethekile.

Usizo lwayo lukhula kakhulu ezifundweni ezinezidingo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nezincwadi zamazwe ngamazwe.

7. I-CiteMe: Izingcaphuno eziqinisekisiwe ezivela kudathabheyisi yangempela

I-CiteMe ithatha isinyathelo esengeziwe sokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela: ixhuma ngqo kuma-database ezemfundo (i-OpenAlex, i-CrossRef, i-Semantic Scholar, i-PubMed, njll.) ukuze ithole imethadatha efanele futhi ikhiqize ireferensi ephelele, inamathela kuhlelo lwesi-7 lwesitayela se-APA . Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Ungasesha nge I-URL, i-DOI, i-ISBN noma isihloko futhi ithola yonke idatha efanele.
• Faka i-DOI eqinisekisiwe uma itholakala, imininingwane etholwa kakhulu ngabahluleli kanye namajenali.
• Isebenza ezincwadini, ezihlokweni zomagazini, kumawebhusayithi, kumavidiyo, kuma-PDF, nokunye okuningi.
• Inketho yamahhala iphelele futhi yanele ezimweni eziningi; uma udinga ukusetshenziswa okujulile, kukhona uhlelo lwe-Pro.

Kunconywa kakhulu uma ufuna ukugwema amaphutha abantu futhi udinga iziqinisekiso zokunemba okuphezulu kolwazi lwezincwadi.

Amaphuzu abalulekile ekusebenziseni nasekukhetheni ijeneretha ye-APA

• Ijeneretha kumele ibe nesimanje.Hlola njalo ukuthi ilandela uhlelo lwesi-7 (i-APA 7) uma yilokho okudingwa yisikhungo sakho noma ijenali. Abanye basasebenzisa i-APA 6 kuphela, okungenzeka ukuthi ayisebenzi. Amathuluzi anjenge-[tool name] noma i-[tool name] ayaphumelela kulokhu.
• Umthombo wedatha ubalulekileUma kungenzeka, khetha ama-generator athola i-metadata kusuka kudathabheyisi yesayensi hhayi nje kulokho umsebenzisi akufaka ngesandla (njengasendabeni ye-CiteMe).
• Hlola njalo i-aphoyintimenti ngaphambi kokuthumela umsebenzi wakhoNakuba ukuzenzakalela konga isikhathi esiningi, alikho ithuluzi elingenaphutha; hlola izimpawu zokubhala, omalukeke, kanye nokuhleleka kwezakhi.
• Sebenzisa izinsiza kanye nosizo olwengeziweAmawebhusayithi anokuqhathaniswa, iziqondiso, kanye nezibonelo ezisebenzayo, njengalezo ezinikezwe yiScribbr noma iHazMiTrabajo, azokuvumela ukuthi ufunde futhi uthuthukise ukwahlulela kwakho.

Kulabo abadinga ukusebenza kahle nangobungcweti emaphepheni ezemfundo, abakhiqizi be-APA abaku-inthanethi bashintshe kakhulu ukudalwa kwemibhalo . Uma ucabanga ngezinto ezihlukile phakathi kwezinguqulo, izinsiza eziningi ezinikezwayo, kanye nokusekelwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zefonti, ukukhetha ijeneretha efanele kungenza impilo yakho ibe lula futhi kukusize wonge isikhathi futhi uthuthukise ukunemba kwesabelo ngasinye seyunivesithi noma sezemfundo. Zinike imizuzu embalwa ukuhlola eziningana zalezi zinketho bese uthola ukuthi iyiphi efanela izidingo zakho, kodwa khumbula ukuthi, ekugcineni, isibuyekezo sokugcina kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo kungokwakho. Yiba nesibindi sokwenza impilo yakho yezemfundo ibe lula ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi elifanele kusukela ekuqaleni!

Umhlahlandlela oqondile wokuphathwa kwezincwadi: izindlela, amathuluzi namaqhinga asebenzayo