Izikole ze-Linux: Ukusatshalaliswa kwezemfundo okuhle kakhulu kwekilasi

Ezweni lemfundo, ikakhulukazi ezweni elikhuluma iSpanishi, ukufuna izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezifinyelelekayo nezikhululekile ezivumelaniswe nesimo sesikole kuyisidingo esiqhubekayo. Kulesi simo, i-Linux Schools ibilokhu ithola ukuvelela njengenye yezindlela ezifanele kakhulu zezikhungo ezizinikele kubuchwepheshe obuvulekile ukuze kuzuze abafundi nothisha.

Uhlelo lokusebenza olusekelwe ku-GNU/Linux lunezinketho eziningi, kodwa zimbalwa izinsiza eziklanyelwe futhi ezilungiselelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezemfundo, kusukela emazingeni esikole sabantwana abancane kuya emazingeni angaphambi kweyunivesithi. I-Escuelas Linux igcwalisa lesi sikhala, inikeza izixazululo ezihlukile, izinsiza ezifakwe kusengaphambili, namathuluzi aklanyelwe ukuphathwa kwezemfundo kuphela . Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyini i-Escuelas Linux, ukuthi yavela kanjani, yiziphi izinzuzo ezinikezayo kunezinye izindlela, nokuthi kungani ibe yisisombululo esihamba phambili ngemuva kwesikhala esishiywe ezinye izinsiza zemfundo ezifana ne-Edubuntu.

Ziyini Izikole zeLinux?

I-Escuelas Linux iyisatshalaliswa se-GNU/Linux esenzelwe ngqo imfundo, kusukela enkulisa kuya ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu nasemakolishi. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka zonke izinhlobo zezikhungo zemfundo ngesistimu yokusebenza yamahhala okulula ukuyifaka nokusebenzisa, ehambisana kakhulu nehadiwe encane, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, iza nesethi ephelele yamathuluzi emfundo afakwe ngaphambilini.

Ukusatshalaliswa kusekelwe ku-Bodhi Linux, nayo etholakala ku-Ubuntu, ehlanganisa ukuzinza, ukwakheka okulula, kanye nokuhambisana nezindawo zokugcina ezisetshenziswa kabanzi. Lokhu kuholela ekhonweni lokuyifaka kumakhompyutha anamuhla nakudala, kungaba yi-32-bit noma i-64-bit. Ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yedeskithophu ye-Moksha , etholakala ku-Enlightenment, kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina uhlelo lushesha futhi lusabela kumakhompyutha anezinsiza ezilinganiselwe (kuqala nge-RAM engu-512 MB).

Imvelaphi kanye nokuvela kwezikole zeLinux

Indaba yezikole zeLinux yaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili edlule, ikhuthazwa othisha eMexico futhi, ikakhulukazi, ngokusekelwa kwezikhungo ezifanele ezivela eMnyangweni Wezemfundo waseZacatecas.

Igxathu elibalulekile lafika ngo-2013, lapho iZacatecas iphasisa omunye wemithetho yokuqala yezwe ezweni ukuze kusetshenziswe isofthiwe yamahhala nevulekile kwezemfundo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwavumela iphrojekthi ye-Escuelas Linux ukuthi ibe nokusekelwa okudingekayo ukuze ikhule, ibhale phansi ngokucophelela izinqubo zayo, futhi ifinyelele amakhulu ezikole. Ngo-2014, ukusatshalaliswa kwatholakala ukuze kulandwe nge-SourceForge. Ngo-2015, intuthuko yayo yathola ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, ngokuqokwa kwi-UNESCO ICT for Education Awards kanye nokucatshangelwa emincintiswaneni eminingana yesofthiwe.

Njengamanje, i-Linux Schools ingaziqhenya ngokuba khona kwayo ezikhungweni zemfundo ezingaphezu kuka-528 eMexico - kufaka phakathi amakhampasi e-College of High School Graduates of Mexico City - kanye nomphakathi wabasebenzisi ohlanganisiwe emazweni angu-136, kusukela ezikoleni zasenkulisa ezincane kuya emanyuvesi.

Izici ezivelele

Indlela yokusebenza eguquguqukayo nesebenzayo ye-Linux Schools ibonakala ochungechungeni lwezici eziyingqayizivele:

• Ukuhambisana: Itholakala kuma-architecture angu-32 no-64 bit, isebenza emishinini emidala noma kuleyo enezinsiza ezilinganiselwe.
• Indawo enemifanekiso ye-MokshaIsebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa, iyakhanga, futhi ivumela ukwenza ngokwezifiso okusiza ukuphathwa emakilasini anabasebenzisi abaningi.
• Isofthiwe yemfundo efakwe kusengaphambili: Kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokusebenza zezibalo (I-GEOGEBRA, wxMaxima), isayensi, ubuciko (GIMP, Krita, Inkscape), izinhlelo zokusebenza zehhovisi (LibreOffice, OnlyOffice), ukufunda izinhlelo (Scratch, KTurtle) kanye namathuluzi okufundisa afana ne-ResetUser noma i-NCopia.
• Ukuphathwa komsebenzisi okusebenzayoYakhelwe ukwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela emakilasini, igwema ukudalwa kwama-akhawunti ngamanye futhi inciphisa izinkinga ngezinguquko ezingagunyaziwe noma ukufakwa okungagunyaziwe.
• Ukubuyisela kanye nokugcinwaKufaka phakathi izinsiza ezifana ne-UserRestore kanye ne-UserForce zokusetha kabusha ama-akhawunti ngokushesha noma ukususa amafayela ngemva kokusebenzisa.
• Izibuyekezo nokusekelwaIthembele ezindaweni zokugcina i-Ubuntu, izuza kumaphakheji angaphezu kuka-47.000 kanye nezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo.
• Ukufakwa kanye nokufinyelelekaEkuqaleni yakhelwe izikole ezikhuluma iSpanishi, manje isekela isiNgisi, okuhlanganisa nezincwadi zemiyalelo kanye nezixhumanisi.
• Isebenza ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi: Iyakwazi ukusebenza ngokugcwele ezindaweni ezingaxhunyiwe, ilungele izindawo ezinengqalasizinda elinganiselwe.

Ukufakwa kanye nezinyathelo zokuqala

Ukulanda nokusetha i-Escuelas Linux kulula futhi kwenzelwe labo abangenalo ulwazi oluningi lobuchwepheshe. Vele ulandele imiyalelo kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni kanye nencwadi yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukhethe ukwakheka nolimi lwakho, ulande amafayela ku- SourceForge , futhi udale isithombe se-ISO sokufakwa.

Inqubo yokufaka ilungiselela uhlelo nazo zonke izinhlelo nezilungiselelo ezichazwe ngaphambilini, kufaka phakathi i-akhawunti yekilasi eliyisisekelo. Amathuluzi ahlanganisiwe enza kube lula ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke, akuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele ama-akhawunti noma wenze ngezifiso izilungiselelo njengoba kudingeka.

Ideskithophu ye-Moksha kanye nokusebenziseka kalula

Indawo yaseMoksha ( imininingwane eyengeziwe ) imelela enye yempumelelo enkulu yezikole zeLinux: iyakhanga ngokubonakalayo, ilula kakhulu futhi kulula ukuyivumelanisa nendawo yesikole.

Iqukethe izinqamuleli zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile nge-bottom dock kanye namawijethi awusizo kubafundi. Ukusebenza kokubuyisela okuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokuqala kabusha kuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kuwo wonke amakilasi, kuvimbela izinguquko ezenziwe ngumfundi oyedwa ukuthi zingathinti abanye. Othisha banganquma ukuthi bazosebenzisa nini lezi zinguquko noma bazigcine zihlala njalo.

Zonke amathuluzi adingekayo kusukela ekuqaleni

Izikole ze-Linux zivelele ngokukhetha kwazo okubanzi kwesofthiwe yamahhala egxile emfundweni, ehlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene . Ezinye izibonelo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakala kusukela ekuqaleni zifaka:

• Ukuzenzakalela kwehhovisi: i-LibreOffice, Abahleli beDeskithophu be-OnlyOffice, i-FreeOffice.
• Iziphequluli: I-Firefox, i-Chrome/Chromium, i-Vivaldi, i-Midori.
• Ukudweba kanye nobuciko bedijithali: i-GIMP, i-Inkscape, i-Krita, i-TuxPaint, i-KolourPaint.
• Ukuhlela nokuthuthukiswa: I-Scratch, i-KTurtle, i-Developer Pack (kufaka phakathi i-Android Studio, i-Eclipse, i-NetBeans, i-Git).
• Isayensi nezibalo: I-GeoGebra, i-wxMaxima, i-PSPP, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-KDE-edu, izilingisi.
• I-Multimedia: I-Kdenlive, i-VLC, abahleli bomsindo namavidiyo.
• Ukufunda kwasebuntwaneni: I-GComprisI-TuxMath, i-TuxTyping.
• Amathuluzi okufundisa: i-Epoptes, i-NCopia, i-ForzaUsuario kanye ne-RestauraUsuario.

Izinzuzo zokuncintisana ngaphezu kwezinye izixazululo zemfundo

Ngokushabalala kwe-Edubuntu, izikhungo eziningi zafuna ukusatshalaliswa kwezikole okuqinile nokunakekelwe kahle. I-Escuelas Linux izisungule njengenye indlela eqinile nephucukile kakhulu emhlabeni okhuluma iSpanishi nakwamanye amazwe ngezizathu eziningana:

• Izibuyekezo ezivamile kanye nokusekelwa komsebenzisiIwebhusayithi esemthethweni, ibhulogi, kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana zivuselelwa njalo, zimemezela izinguqulo ezintsha kanye nezinsizakusebenza.
• Imibhalo kanye nosizoUkufakwa okuphelele nokukhululekile kanye nezincwadi zomsebenzisi zenguqulo ngayinye.
• Umphakathi osebenzayoNjengoba bekhona emazweni angaphezu kuka-130, ochwepheshe, izikhungo kanye nabasebenzisi bayasebenzisana ukugcina ipulatifomu isesikhathini.
• Ukuvumelana nezimo ezindaweni ezahlukeneIsebenza kunethiwekhi noma kwimodi ehlukanisiwe, ilungele izikhungo ezingaxhunyiwe noma lezo ezinehadiwe endala.
• Ukuphepha nobumfihloUhlelo luvimbela izinguquko ezingagunyaziwe kanye nokufakwa kwesofthiwe enonya, okulondoloza ubuqotho bemishini endaweni yesikole.

Ukuqashelwa kanye nokwanda kwamazwe ngamazwe

Umthelela we-Linux Schools udlula izinga lendawo. Ukwamukelwa kwayo ezikhungweni eziningi zaseMexico kuye kwaholela ekulandisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo emhlabeni wonke , ngokuba khona emazweni angaphezu kwe-100 kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okubhalwe kumabhulogi, omagazini bedijithali, kanye nezinkundla ezikhethekile.

Phakathi kwemiklomelo yakhe kukhona ukuqokwa kwakhe ngo-2015 kuma-UNESCO ICT for Education Awards kanye nokubamba kwakhe iqhaza kwi-Open Invention Network. Ube futhi ofinyelele kowamanqamu emiklomelweni eminingi yamahhala yesofthiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bezemfundo, okuqinisa idumela lakhe emhlabeni jikelele.

Izibuyekezo nezinguqulo

Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Schools Linux kuthuthuke kanye nokuthuthuka kwe-Bodhi Linux kanye ne-Ubuntu, kuhambisana nokukhishwa kwakamuva kwe-LTS kanye nama-kernels azinzile. Ukusatshalaliswa kubuyekezwa njalo futhi kunikeza izindlela zokuthuthukisa ezilula ezivela ezinguqulweni zangaphambilini, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhompyutha ahlala ephephile futhi esesikhathini ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Indima ye-ONLYOFFICE ezikoleni ze-Linux

Kusukela kunguqulo 5.1, i-Linux Schools ifake abahleli be-ONLYOFFICE ( www.onlyoffice.com ) ngokuzenzakalelayo , ithuthukisa ukuhambisana namafayela e-Word, Excel, kanye ne-PowerPoint, futhi ihlanganisa izici zokubambisana ezenza kube lula ukusebenza kweqembu kanye nokuphathwa kwekharikhulamu ezindaweni zemfundo.

Iphakethe Lonjiniyela kanye nezinsiza zokuhlela

Esinye sezici ezithakazelisayo kakhulu zezikhungo ezigxile ku-STEM yi- Developer Pack : isethi yamathuluzi okuhlela ochwepheshe (i-Android Studio, i-Eclipse, i-NetBeans), izindawo zokufunda izilimi ezahlukene (i-Java, i-PHP, i-C, i-C++, ukulawulwa kwenguqulo nge-Git, kanye nezinsiza zezithombe nezincwadi. Lokhu kuvumela i-Escuelas Linux ukuthi yandise amakhono ayo ukuze ifake ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe yangempela.

Umthelela kwezenhlalo, izindinganiso kanye nefilosofi yezemfundo

Izikole ze-Linux zihlanganisa izimiso zesofthiwe yamahhala emfundweni, zikhuthaza izindinganiso ezifana nokubambisana, ukucaca, kanye nenkululeko yedijithali . Ukusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe yomthombo ovulekile kusiza ukuthuthukisa izakhamuzi zedijithali ezithembekile nokukhuthaza izindawo zokubambisana, ngokuhambisana noMthetho Wesofthiwe Yamahhala waseZacatecas. Le phrojekthi ihlose ukuba yisibonelo kanye nesisusa soshintsho kunoma yisiphi isimo semfundo lapho ukuziphatha kobuchwepheshe kuyinto eza kuqala khona.

Izidingo ezincane kanye nokuguquguquka

Ukuze kube lula ukuqaliswa kwayo: I-Escuelas Linux ingafakwa kumakhompyutha ane-RAM okungenani engu-512 MB kanye nesikhala sediski esingu-40-50 GB . Iphinde isebenze kwimodi ebukhoma kusuka ku-USB, ivumela ukuhlolwa ngaphandle kokushintsha uhlelo lokuqala, futhi inezici zokubuyiselwa okulula, ukuphathwa, kanye nezinketho zokucushwa, okwenza ifaneleke ingqalasizinda yezemfundo enezinsiza ezilinganiselwe.

Lolu hlelo lwethulwa njengesixazululo esiphelele sokwenza kube yidijithali kwezemfundo ngesofthiwe yamahhala: mahhala, kulula ukuyifaka, ngezinsizakusebenza eziningi, kugxilwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzisi kanye nokusimama kwenqubo yokuqeqesha.