Ukuthi ikilasi laseReggio Emilia linjani: amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo, umklamo kanye nezibonelo ezisebenzayo

Indlela yeReggio Emilia ishintshe imfundo yabantwana abasebancane ngenxa yombono wayo omusha, lapho inhlonipho yezingane, ubuhlakani, kanye nokuzimela kungenye yezinsika zayo ezibalulekile. Uma ufuna ukwazi ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ikilasi leReggio Emilia linjani, ukuthi lihluke kanjani kwamanye, nokuthi ungalisebenzisa kanjani , lesi sihloko sikunikeza ulwazi oluphelele nolusesikhathini.

Akuyona nje indaba yefenisha noma izinto zokudala: Amakilasi eReggio Emilia aphakamisa indlela ehluke kakhulu yokuqonda ukufunda, indima yothisha, kanye nokubaluleka kwemindeni . Sizohlukanisa zonke izinto ezibalulekile nokuthi noma yisiphi isikole, ngisho noma sinamakilasi amakhulu noma izinsiza ezilinganiselwe, singasivumelanisa kanjani le filosofi.

Imvelaphi nefilosofi yamakilasi aseReggio Emilia

Le ndlela yaqala edolobheni lase-Italy iReggio Emilia ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Emongweni wokwakha kabusha nethemba, iqembu lomama kanye nothisha uLoris Malaguzzi basekela uhlelo lwemfundo oluziphethe kahle nolwezwe olugxile kakhulu enhlalakahleni yengane. Le ndaba yokuqina kanye nomphakathi iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza othisha kanye nezikole emhlabeni jikelele.

Umbono wesintu ngobuntwana uyisici esichazayo: izingane azizona izitsha ezingenalutho, kodwa abantu abagcwele amakhono nekhono . Umgomo uwukusekela ukufunda kwabo, hhayi ukukuqondisa, ukuthuthukisa ilukuluku labo kanye nekhono labo lokuhlola.

Izimiso eziyisisekelo zekilasi laseReggio Emilia

• Ingane njengomlingiswa oyinhloko: Abafundi bangothisha bokuqala, abakwazi ukuthola, ukuphenya nokwakha ulwazi lwabo ngokudlala, ukubuza imibuzo kanye nokuhlola.
• Umuntu omdala njengomqondisi kanye nomfundi ofunda naye: Uthisha uhamba naye, ubukela futhi usiza, kodwa akalokothi aphoqelele, akhuthaze ukuzimela kanye nokucabanga okujulile.
• Indawo njengomfundisi wesithathu: Indawo, ukukhanya, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokuhlelwa kwekilasi kukhuthaza ukuhlola kanye nokuziveza. Indawo enhle, efinyelelekayo, neguquguqukayo ibalulekile.
• Imibhalo yokufundisa: Inqubo yokufunda igcinwa njalo, ihlonipha uhambo kanye nomphumela. Izintshisekelo zezingane kanye nentuthuko yazo kubonakala ngezithombe, amaphaneli, okuqoshiwe, kanye nezinto ezibhaliwe.
• Ukubamba iqhaza kwemindeni kanye nomphakathi: Abazali banikela ngemibono, izinto zokwakha kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho, bebambisana kumaphrojekthi futhi beya emibukisweni kanye nemihlangano evulekile.

Libukeka kanjani ikilasi laseReggio Emilia? Izinto ezibalulekile

Indawo yaseReggio Emilia iyamukela, ikhanya, futhi ivulekele ubuciko . Awekho amadeski anemigqa noma izakhiwo eziqinile; indawo ezungezile ikhuthaza ukuhlola okuqhubekayo.

• Izindawo ezinqunyelwe: Igumbi lokufundela lihlukaniswe ngamakhona amancane aklanyelwe ukuhlola: amalabhorethri okukhanya nesithunzi, amakhona obuciko noma esayensi, izikhala zokufunda kanye nezindawo zokuzwa.
• Izinto zemvelo neziphinde zasetshenziswa: Izinto ezifana nokhuni, amatshe, amaqabunga, amagobolondo, izindwangu, nezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha zithatha indawo ephambili. Zisebenza ekuphatheni, ekwakheni, ekudaleni, nasekutholeni amathuba angenamkhawulo ezinto.
• Izindawo zobuciko kanye nokuziveza (i-Atelier): Izindawo ezinikezelwe ukudweba, ukudweba, ukubaza, umculo kanye nokuhlola imizwa, lapho kuvela khona "izilimi eziyikhulu zengane".
• Umbukiso kanye nemibhalo: Amaphaneli olwazi, izithombe zodonga, izincwadi zamabhuku kanye izethulo I-multimedia ebonisa izithombe, imishwana, kanye namaphrojekthi athuthukiswe ngabafundi, abelwe umphakathi.
• Izindawo ezivulekile nokukhanya kwemvelo: Amafasitela amakhulu, ukujikeleza koketshezi phakathi kwamakamelo kanye nenhlangano yendawo ekhuthaza ukuzimela kanye nokuhamba ngokukhululeka.
• Ifenisha eguquguqukayo: Amatafula ahambayo, omata, izitebhisi ezincane, amashalofu afinyelelekayo… Konke kuklanyelwe ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezintshisekelo neziphakamiso zeqembu.

Izinguquko zansuku zonke kanye nendima yothisha ekilasini laseReggio Emilia

Ekilasini laseReggio Emilia akukho uhlelo oluvaliwe noma isimiso esiqinile , kodwa kunalokho amaphrojekthi nemisebenzi ivela ezinkingeni zezingane.

• Umsebenzi osekelwe kuphrojekthi: Iqembu ngalinye lithuthukisa ucwaningo olude nolujulile ngezihloko ezikhethwe yibo: ukufuduka kwezimvemvane, ukwakhiwa kwedolobha, iqoqo lamaqabunga, noma umjikelezo wamanzi.
• Amaqembu amancane kanye nezindima ezishintshanayo: Iqembu elikhulu lihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amancane ashintshana ngemisebenzi, ama-workshop, kanye nezikhathi zokubambisana. Izindima ngaphakathi kweqembu ziyashintsha ukuze kunikezwe amandla bonke abahlanganyeli.
• Ukuqaphela nokulalela ngenkuthalo: Uthisha usebenzisa incwadi yokubhalela, irekhoda, noma ithebhulethi ukuze abhale phansi izinto ezibonwayo ngokuzenzekelayo, imisho ehlakaniphile, nemibuzo evela ezinganeni, ezisiza ekwakheni iziphakamiso ezintsha zokufunda.
• Umsebenzi wemizwa nowezenhlalo: Kunakekelwa kakhulu imizwa, ingxoxo, ukuxazulula izingxabano, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu kuyo yonke imisebenzi.

Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekilasini laseReggio Emilia

Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo zale ndlela ukuhlukahluka nokuceba kwezinto zokwakha, okuphefumulela ukuhlola nokudala ngisho nangesabelomali esincane. Ezinye zalezi zinto zifaka:

• Izakhi zemvelo: Amagatsha, amatshe, imbewu, amaqabunga, amagobolondo, izingcezu zokhuni.
• Kuphinde kusetshenziswe futhi kungasetshenziswa kabusha: Amakepisi, izindwangu, amashubhu ekhadibhodi, amabhokisi, izipini zezingubo.
• Izinsiza zobuciko: Ubumba, upende we-tempera, ama-watercolor, amapensela anemibala, iphepha lokuthungwa okuhlukahlukene, amabhulashi.
• Ubuchwepheshe (bulinganisela): Amakhamera edijithali, amaphilisi okuqopha amaskeni, amaphrojektha kanye nezibani zokusebenza ngokukhanya nezithunzi.
• Izinto ezisimeme: Ifenisha eyenziwe ngokhuni oluqinisekisiwe, izindwangu zemvelo, izinto ezivikela imvelo, kanye namathoyizi enziwe ngezandla.

Indima yokukhanya ekufundeni: indlela yokufundisa ukukhanya

" Indlela yokufundisa ukukhanya " ingenye isimiso esiyisisekelo emakilasini aseReggio Emilia. Ukukhanya kwemvelo nokwenziwe kusetshenziswa njengensiza eyengeziwe yokufundisa ukudala izindawo ezikhuthazayo, ukudlala ngemibala, ukuhlola izithunzi, nokuvuselela ilukuluku. Amatafula akhanyayo, izibuko, amaphrojektha, nezinto ezikhanyayo zisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa ubuhlakani kanye nophenyo lobuciko nolwesayensi.

Ukuvumelanisa iReggio Emilia nezimo ezinamaqembu amakhulu noma izinsiza ezimbalwa

Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, ifenisha ebizayo noma izinsiza ezingenamkhawulo azibalulekile ekusebenziseni indlela kaReggio Emilia . Isihluthulelo sisekuvumelaniseni ifilosofi nomongo wesikole ngasinye.

• Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezikhala ngenhloso: Ukuhlukanisa ikilasi ngamakhaphethi, amakhethini, noma amashalofu ashukumayo kusiza ekwakheni amakhona amancane okufunda.
• Ukushintshana kweqembu: Ngisho nakubantu abaningi abafundi, amaqembu amancane angasebenza, ashintshe imisebenzi futhi ashintshane ngezindima.
• Izinto zokwakha ezingabizi kakhulu: Ukusebenzisa izinsiza zendawo, ukucela usizo lomndeni ngokuqoqwa kwezinto, kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto kukhulisa ukusimama kanye nokubandakanyeka komphakathi.
• Amaphrojekthi ahambisanayo nahlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene: Iqembu ngalinye lingaphenya ngesihloko esihlukile kodwa esihlelekile, labelane ngokutholakele ekugcineni.
• Imibhalo yedijithali: Ukusebenzisa izithombe, amavidiyo amafushane, nama-podcasts enziwe ngabafundi ngokwabo kuvumela inqubo ukuthi iqoshwe futhi yabelwane ngayo ngisho nangaphandle kwesikole.

Imibhalo yokufundisa: ukuqopha ukuze ufunde

Imibhalo iwuphawu lwendlela kaReggio Emilia . Isinyathelo ngasinye esiya phambili, umbuzo, kanye nokutholakele okwenziwa yizingane kuqoshwa ezincwadini zamabhuku, kumaphaneli, ezibonisweni, ezithombeni, nasemifanekisweni yokudweba. Leli rekhodi eliqhubekayo lisiza othisha nemindeni ukuthi bacabange ngenqubo yokufunda, bathole izintshisekelo, futhi bavumelanise izindlela ezintsha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhalo isebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwesikole nekhaya , ikhuthaza abazali ukuba bahileleke kakhulu. Amaphaneli anemisho nemidwebo , amagalari asezindleleni, imibukiso yekota, kanye nezincwadi zamabhuku ezihlanganyelwe ziyizindlela ezivamile.

Ubudlelwano nemindeni kanye nomphakathi wezemfundo

Imindeni ayigcini nje ngokushiya izingane zayo bese izilanda : ingabahlanganyeli abakhuthele empilweni yekilasi, inikela ngezinto zokwakha, inikela kumaphrojekthi, futhi yabelana ngolwazi namasiko abo. Kunemihlangano evulekile, ama-workshop abazali, imibukiso yomsebenzi wabafundi, kanye nemikhosi yephrojekthi yokuphela kwethemu.

Ukuxhumana nomphakathi kuqiniswa ngokuvakashela izindawo ezizungezile : ukuvakashela iminyuziyamu, izikwele, namapaki, lapho izingane zingabonisa khona indalo yazo futhi zixhumane nabanye abahlali. Kuvamile futhi ukumema ochwepheshe bendawo, omakhelwane, kanye nabaculi ukuthi bahlanganyele ekilasini.

Izinzuzo zendlela kaReggio Emilia

• Thuthukisa ukuzimela namandla okwenza izinqumo Ezinganeni.
• Khuthaza ubuciko kanye nokucabanga okuhlukile.
• Kuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, ukusebenza ngokubambisana, kanye nokuxhumana.
• Siza ku ukuphathwa ngokomzwelo kanye nozwela.
• Ivumela ukufakwa yabo bonke abantwana, behlonipha imigqi yabo kanye nezici zabo.
• Kuhilela umndeni kanye nomphakathi enkambisweni yemfundo.

Amakilasi e-Reggio Emilia akhuthaza izindawo lapho ilukuluku, inhlonipho, kanye nobuciko kushukumisa ukufunda. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesikhala, izinto zokwakha, indima yothisha, kanye nomphakathi kwakha inethiwekhi eguqula imfundo yezingane zakuqala, okuholela emthonjeni omuhle emphakathini wonke wezemfundo.

Indlela kaReggio Emilia: Ifilosofi, Izimiso, Izinto Zokusebenza kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwemfundo Yasebuntwaneni