Ukucinga ngoYilo: indlela eguqula izinto ezintsha kunye nokusombulula iingxaki

Kwihlabathi apho ubuchule kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha zahlula iinkampani ezibalaseleyo kwezo zishiyekileyo, ukuqonda nokusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha ezifana ne-Design Thinking kubalulekile ekuziqhelaniseni nokukhula. Nokuba ungumntu ochwephesha, umfundi, okanye umphathi, ngokuqinisekileyo ukhe waliva igama elithi Design Thinking, kodwa ngaba uyazi ngokwenene ukuba le ndlela ibandakanya ntoni kwaye kutheni imibutho emininzi iyifaka kwimisebenzi yayo yemihla ngemihla?

Kulo lonke eli nqaku, uza kufumanisa, ngendlela esebenzayo nebanzi, ukuba yintoni i-Design Thinking, indlela esebenza ngayo, amanqanaba ayo aphambili, iingenelo kunye nemingeni yayo, kunye nemizekelo yempumelelo kwiinkampani eziphambili. Ngaphezu koko, uza kufunda indlela yokuyisebenzisa kwindawo yakho, uqhelane nezixhobo zayo eziqhelekileyo, kwaye uqonde indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa luvelwano kunye nokusebenza kunye ngexesha lenkqubo.

Yintoni iCinga ngoYilo: Isishwankathelo

UkuCinga ngoYilo yindlela yokusebenza egxile ekudaleni izisombululo zobuchule nezintsha kwiingxaki ezinzima, ezihlala ziqala kwiimfuno zokwenyani zabantu. Yazalwa ngenjongo yokujonga imingeni ngokwembono yabo bahlangabezana nayo, kwaye ixhomekeke kwiindlela zoyilo ukuqinisekisa kungekuphela nje ukuba isindululo ngasinye sinokwenzeka kwezobuchwepheshe okanye kwezoqoqosho, kodwa kunye nempembelelo yaso yokwenyani ebantwini.

Le ndlela yokucinga nokusebenza ayiphelelanga kwicandelo loyilo kuphela; idlule imvelaphi yayo yaba yindlela yokusondela kwiinkqubo, uphuhliso lwemveliso, iinkonzo, utshintsho lombutho okanye ukudalwa kweemodeli ezintsha zoshishino kuyo nayiphi na inkampani okanye umbutho.

Imvelaphi ye-Design Thinking ingalandwa emva kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford ngeminyaka yoo-70 kunye nemizamo yabantu abanjengoJohn E. Arnold, kamva, noDavid Kelley, umseki we- IDEO . Ukusukela ngoko, iye yaba luphawu lolawulo lokuvelisa izinto ezintsha, ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukudibanisa ubuchule, uvelwano, uhlalutyo, kunye nesenzo ngendlela ephindaphindayo nesebenzisanayo.

Isikhokelo esipheleleyo se-Acer for Education: Technology, Innovation and Sustainability in Teaching

Kutheni ukhetha i-Design Thinking: umahluko ophambili

Eyona nto yahlula ngokwenene i-Design Thinking yindlela yayo egxile ebantwini kunye nokuzinikela kwayo ekuqondeni ngokupheleleyo iimeko zabasebenzisi, iingxaki, iminqweno kunye neemfuno zabo. Ngokungafaniyo neendlela zemveli, ezibeka phambili ingqiqo yokucinga okanye ukuqinisekiswa kobungakanani, apha amava omsebenzisi kunye nelizwi lakhe zikhokela ukuqala, uphuhliso, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwaso nasiphi na isisombululo.

Olunye uphawu oluphawulekayo yindlela esebenza ngayo. Ukucinga ngoYilo kukhuthaza uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo, ukulinganisa, ukusilela, ukufunda, kunye nohlengahlengiso ngaphambi kokuba kutyalwe izixhobo ezibalulekileyo . Le ngcamango, equka iimpazamo njengenxalenye yohambo oluya kwisisombululo esingcono, ivumela amaqela ukuba aqikelele iingozi aze aziqhelanise ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaphezu koko, indlela yokusebenzisana, ukudibana kweeprofayili, kunye nenkululeko yokucinga ngaphandle kokucalucalula okanye ukoyika ukwenza iimpazamo kuphucula ubuchule bomntu ngamnye kunye nobeqela . Ukuvela kweengcinga eziphazamisayo kukhuthazwa ngokunika ingqalelo kwiimbono ezininzi kunye nabo bonke abachaphazelekayo kwinkqubo.

Imigaqo kunye neziseko zokuCinga ngoYilo

UkuCinga ngoYilo kusekelwe kuluhlu lwemigaqo esisiseko ekhokela zonke izigaba zenkqubo :

• Uvelwano olupheleleyo nabantu isisombululo senzelwe bonaUmbono womsebenzisi yindawo yokuqala kunye nesihluzi salo naluphi na uphuhliso.
• Ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuguquguqukaNangona le nkqubo icwangciswe ngamanqanaba amahlanu, xa kusenziwa umntu utsiba phakathi kwawo ngokwezifundo azifundileyo kunye neziphumo ezifunyenweyo, ngaphandle kokoyika ukuthatha amanyathelo okubuyela umva ukuba oko kuvumela ukuba isicelo siphuculwe.
• Ukuqhelaniswa novavanyo kunye nesenzo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenziwa kweeprototyping kunye nokuqinisekiswa, ngaphaya kwethiyori okanye uhlalutyo olugqithisileyo.
• Intsebenziswano kwiinkalo ezininziAmaqela anabantu abavela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, amava, kunye neendima ezahlukeneyo asebenzisana kunye aphucula ukuveliswa kweengcinga kwaye anciphise ucalucalulo.

Ukudityaniswa kwezi migaqo kufezekisa ulungelelwaniso phakathi koko kunqwenelekayo ngokwembono yomntu, oko kunokwenzeka ngokwetekhnoloji, noko kufanelekileyo ngokwezoqoqosho. Olu kudibana okuthathu lubalulekile kwi-Design Thinking enikezela ngexabiso lokwenyani kunye nezisombululo ezizinzileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo koCingo loYilo

Enye yezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela le ndlela kukuba isetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ukucinga ngoYilo kusetyenziswa namhlanje kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana netekhnoloji, imfundo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, ulawulo lukarhulumente, ukubonisana, iibhanki kunye nezothutho.

Ezinye zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokusebenzisa i-Design Thinking zezi:

• Ukudalwa nokuphuculwa kweemveliso kunye neenkonzoUkususela kwiinkampani ezintsha zedijithali ukuya kwiinkampani ezininzi, basebenzisa i-Design Thinking ukuqalisa iimveliso okanye ukuyila kwakhona amava alungiselelwe iimfuno ezithile zabathengi babo.
• Utshintsho lwangaphakathi kunye notshintsho lwentlanganoIkuvumela ukuba ukhokele iinkqubo zotshintsho lwenkcubeko ngokugxila kwabo baza kubandezeleka yimpembelelo, ukunceda ukoyisa ukuxhathisa kunye nokuyila iinkqubo zotshintsho ezisebenzayo.
• Uyilo olutsha lwemodeli yeshishiniUkuCinga ngoYilo kunceda ekuhlengahlengiseni izindululo zexabiso xa kujongwa iimarike ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe obutsha, okanye utshintsho kwindlela yokusebenzisa.
• Ushishino kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngokuvulelekileyo: Ikhuthaza uphuhliso lweengcinga zoshishino ezihambelana neendlela zamva nje kunye neemfuno ezingafezekiswanga ngabakhuphisana nabo.
• Imfundo nokufundisaInceda ekucingeni ngokutsha indlela ezifundiswa ngayo iiklasi, iikhosi eziyilwe ngayo, okanye amava okufunda enzelwe umntu ngamnye.
• Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwedijithali, ukuzenzekela kunye namava abathengiSisixhobo esigqibeleleyo sokuqonda ngokwenene into efunwa ngumsebenzisi, ukuyila ii-interfaces, uhambo okanye iinkonzo ezidlula ulindelo.

Iingenelo ezibonakalayo zokuCinga ngoYilo kwiinkampani

Ukudibanisa i-Design Thinking ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo kunika iingenelo ezinkulu zokhuphiswano kuyo nayiphi na intlangano , ukusuka kwiinkampani ezinkulu ze-IBEX 35 ukuya kwii-SME kunye nolawulo lukarhulumente. Phakathi kwezona zibonelelo zibalulekileyo zezi:

• Ukuphucula ubuchule kunye nokucinga okusecaleniIingcamango zokuqala kunye nezisombululo ziyaveliswa, kwaye kudla ngokuzalwa izindululo eziphazamisayo ezinokutshintsha umdlalo kweli candelo.
• Ukunciphisa umngcipheko kunye neendlekoNgokuzama nokuqinisekisa ngokukhawuleza, iimpazamo ezibizayo ziyancitshiswa kwaye ukusilela kuyachongwa ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe imali eninzi.
• Ukwaneliseka okukhulu kwabasebenzisi okanye abathengi kunye nokuthembekaNgokumamela nokuqonda ngokupheleleyo, iimfuno zokwenyani ziyajongwa kwaye ukwamkelwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokucetyiswa kweemveliso/iinkonzo kuyandiswa.
• Ukuphucula ukwenziwa kwezigqibo ngobuchuleUkusebenza ngeeprototypes kunye nedatha yokwenyani kuvumela abaphathi ukuba benze izigqibo ngokusekelwe kulwazi olucacileyo kunye nempendulo, kungekhona kwiingqikelelo.
• Ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yenkampani enamandla nesebenzisanayoUkucinga ngoYilo kukhuthaza wonke umntu ukuba afake isandla, kuxabise iimpazamo njengenxalenye yokufunda, kwaye kuphucula ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezitshintshayo.

Imida kunye nemingeni yokusebenzisa i-Design Thinking

Nangona izibonelelo zayo zicacile, kukwakho neentsomi eziqhelekileyo, iimpazamo, kunye nemiqobo enokunciphisa impembelelo yokuCinga ngoYilo ekusebenzeni:

• Sebenzisa le nkqubo njengeresiphi eqinileyo. ngaphandle kokulungelelanisa izigaba zayo kumxholo ngamnye okanye umngeni othile. Ukuguquguquka, ingqiqo eqhelekileyo, kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokusingqongileyo zibalulekile.
• Ukugxila kuphela kwiingcinga kunye nokulibala ukuvelana, ukubonisa, okanye ukuvavanya njengoko kufanelekileZonke izigaba ziyimfuneko ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezifanelekileyo nezinokwenzeka.
• Ukungayinaki indima yamavaUkuCinga ngoYilo kunika izakhono zobugcisa okanye ubuchule kwiiprojekthi zoyilo, kodwa kukwafuna ubuchule kunye nobuntununtunu obuphuhliswa ngokusebenza kumaqela ahlukeneyo nantsonkothileyo.
• Yinciphise ibe yinkqubo emnandi kodwa engenamsebenziUkuba uvelwano aluhlolwanga nzulu okanye aluphindaphindwa ngokwenene, lunokuba lulandelelwano lwee-workshops ezingenaziphumo zibonakalayo.
• Ukungababandakanyi abasebenzisi ababalulekileyo okanye abachaphazelekayo kule nkquboIgalelo labo lixabisekile ukususela kwinqanaba lovelwano ukuya kwinqanaba lokugqibela lokuqinisekisa.

Amanqanaba amahlanu okuCinga ngoYilo: indlela esetyenziswa ngayo le nkqubo

Eyona modeli idumileyo yokuCinga ngoYilo, eyaphuhliswa sisikolo seYunivesithi yaseStanford, yahlula le nkqubo ibe zizigaba ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo . Nangona iboniswe ngokulandelelana ngokwethiyori, ekusebenzeni, kunokwenzeka ukuya phambili nangasemva phakathi kwazo kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zesigaba ngasinye. Ngoku siza kuchaza nganye nganye:

1. Yiba novelwano

Uvelwano lusisiseko seNgcinga yoYilo . Kule nqanaba, iqela kufuneka lizibandakanye kwihlabathi lomsebenzisi ojongene nengxaki: ukuphanda, ukujonga, ukwenza udliwanondlebe, nokuzibandakanya kwincoko ukuze baqonde ngokwenene iindlela abazisebenzisa ngazo, amasiko abo, imikhwa yabo, iimvakalelo zabo, ukukhungatheka kwabo, kunye nokulindela kwabo.

Ezinye zeendlela eziqhelekileyo kweli nqanaba ziquka:

• Udliwano-ndlebe olunzulu ukutyhila amava afihlakeleyo, iimvakalelo, kunye nezizathu.
• Ukuqwalasela ngokwemeko kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa okanye zokuhlala kunye, ukuchonga iipatheni zokuziphatha.
• Iimephu zovelwano y Iimephu zohambo lwabathengi ukuze sibone ngokweenkcukacha yonke into ethethwa ngumsebenzisi, ayicingayo, ayenzayo nayivayo ngokunxulumene nomngeni ovezwayo.
• Ubudlelwane beqela okanye ukwenziwa ngokubambisana ukuchonga iindawo ezibuhlungu, iminqweno, okanye ukungaqiniseki okunokubakho.

Umzekelo, iinkampani ezifana ne-Apple zityale iinyanga ezininzi zijonga ngokusondeleyo indlela abasebenzisi abasebenzisana ngayo nezixhobo zabo ngaphambi kokuba benze iimveliso ezifana ne-iPhone , apho ubulula bayo kunye namava ayo omsebenzisi atshintshe kakhulu ishishini.

2. Chaza ingxaki

Emva kwesigaba sovelwano, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuhlalutya nokudibanisa zonke iziphumo ukuze kuchazwe ngokuchanekileyo umngeni omkhulu ekufuneka usonjululwe . Ukuyila ingxaki kakuhle kubalulekile: inkcazo engalunganga ikhokelela kwizisombululo ezingasebenziyo okanye ezingabalulekanga.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo idla ngokubuza imibuzo efana nokuthi “Singenza njani…?” , eyandisa uluhlu lwezinto ezinokwenzeka kwaye iphephe imiqathango engeyomfuneko. Ingxelo yengxaki ephumayo kufuneka ibe yeyomntu oyisebenzisayo, ejolise kubasebenzisi, kwaye ivumele ukuphononongwa kweendlela zobuchule.

Ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo umceli mngeni kunceda ukugxila kwimizamo elandelayo nokwandisa impumelelo yeengcinga eziveliswayo. Umzekelo, umceli mngeni weNike wokuphuhlisa itekhnoloji yeFlyknit waqala ngombuzo othi, "Singazidala njani izihlangu ezisebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kwenkunkuma eninzi?", ebeka ingxaki ngokwembono yomsebenzisi kunye nokuzinza.

3. Yila

Isigaba sesithathu siquka isenzo sokuyila. Injongo kukuvelisa izimvo ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kubekelwe bucala nayiphi na imida yokuqala . Apha, iqela lingasebenzisa:

• Sesiezo ziqhelileyo zokucinga ngengqondoapho wonke umntu efaka izimvo ngaphandle kokuzigweba kwasekuqaleni.
• Ubhalo lobungqina, indlela apho umthathi-nxaxheba ngamnye ebhala phantsi izimvo zakhe ngaphambi kokuba abelane ngazo ukuze aphephe ukucalucalula.
• Iindlela ezinje UMTHAMBIokunceda ukuguqula iingcamango ezikhoyo ngemibuzo esekelwe kwisenzo: ukutshintsha, ukudibanisa, ukulungisa, ukulungisa, ukusebenzisa ezinye iindlela, ukususa kunye nokubuyisela umva.
• Iindlela zokutshintsha kwemeko "embi kakhulu"ezikuvumela ukuba uhlalutye uze uguqule iingcamango ezingenangqondo ukuze ufikelele kwiindlela ezingalindelekanga.
• Imephu zeengqondo okanye ukucinga ngokubona, okufanelekileyo ekudibaniseni iingcamango nokufumanisa ubudlelwane obutsha.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha bubungakanani: okukhona iingcamango zihlolisiswa ngakumbi, kokukhona kuvela iindlela ezininzi zokukhetha izisombululo ezintsha nezisebenzayo. Emva koko, ezona zithembisayo zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya zokwenzeka, impembelelo, kunye nokuhambelana neenjongo ezimiselweyo.

4. Umzekelo

Ukubhala iiprototype kuguqula iingcamango ezilungileyo zibe zizisombululo eziphathekayo . Iprototype ingahluka ukusuka kumzobo wephepha ukuya kwimodeli esebenzayo, ifreyimu yedijithali, okanye namava aqikelelweyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeprototypes:

• Ukunyaniseka okuphantsiZiyakhawuleza, azibizi kakhulu, kwaye zifanelekile ukuqinisekiswa kokuqala. Ziquka imizobo, iibhodi zamabali, imifanekiso yekhadibhodi, iifreyimu zentsimbi, njl.njl.
• Ukunyaniseka okuphezuluZiquka iiprototypes ezisebenzisanayo, izinto ezisebenzayo, kunye neenguqulelo zangaphambi kokugqibela zovavanyo olucokisekileyo.

Into ebalulekileyo kukwenza uvavanyo kwangethuba kwaye ungoyiki ukungaphumeleli . Iprototype "elungileyo ngokwaneleyo" yokuvavanya ingcamango ixabisa ngaphezu kwegqibeleleyo emva kweenyanga zomsebenzi. Ingcinga kukuba "ukungaphumeleli ngokukhawuleza nangokungabizi" ukuze ukwazi ukuphinda-phinda ngokukhawuleza.

Le ndlela yenze izinto ezintsha ezinokwenzeka ezifana neNike Flyknit ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili okanye uyilo olutsha lweetroli zesuphamakethi zikamabonwakude, ezenziwe kwiintsuku ezintlanu kuphela ngeengcinga ezininzi kunye neeprototypes ezininzi.

5. Vavanya kwaye uqinisekise

Isigaba sokugqibela siquka ukubeka iprototype okanye isisombululo ezandleni zabasebenzisi bokwenyani, ukufumana nokutolika impendulo yabo ukuze kulungiswe kwaye kuphuculwe uyilo . Iziphumo ezigqibeleleyo akufuneki zilindelwe kwisilingo sokuqala; kuqheleke kakhulu ukufumana ukubonwa okukhokelela ekuphindaphindweni okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo.

Ngexesha lovavanyo, kubalulekile ukujonga indlela abasebenzisi abasebenzisana ngayo nesisombululo, ukuchonga iindawo zokudideka, imiqobo enokubakho, izinto ezingajongwanga, kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, ukufumanisa ukuba isindululo siyayisombulula ngokwenene na ingxaki yokuqala. Imibuzo ephambili ibandakanya: Yintoni emangalise umsebenzisi? Badibana phi nobunzima? Zeziphi iimpawu abazixabisileyo kakhulu?

Iinkampani ezifana ne-Airbnb zisebenzise eli nqanaba ngendlela engumzekelo: zityelele ababuki zindwendwe ngokwabo ukuze zifumanise izizathu zokuba kubekho ukubhukisha okuncinci, zichonga imfuneko yeefoto zobungcali, nto leyo ekhokelele ekuphuhlisweni kokubhukisha emva kokuphucula olu lwazi ngovelwano nokuphindaphinda.

Uhlobo oluphindaphindayo lokuCinga ngoYilo

Enye yezona zinto zinamandla kwi-Design Thinking yimodeli yayo engacwangciswanga ngokuthe ngqo nephindaphindayo . Ukuba, emva kokuvavanya iprototype, amathandabuzo okanye iimfuno ezingafezekiswanga zichongiwe, kunokwenzeka ukuvavanya kwakhona, ukuchaza kwakhona umngeni, ukuhlaziya ingqondo, okanye ukwenza enye iprototype. Oku kwenza inkqubo iguquke, iguquguquke, kwaye ivumelane nomxholo othile wemeko nganye.

Lo mgaqo, odla ngokuboniswa ngemizobo efana neehexagons okanye izangqa, ugxininisa ukuba ukuqamba izinto ezintsha akusokuze kube yinkqubo evaliweyo, kodwa lulandelelwano lokufunda okuqhubekayo kunye nohlengahlengiso , olulungele ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho olukwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ukucinga ngoYilo vs. I-Agile kunye ne-Lean Startup

Njengendlela yokusebenza, i-Design Thinking yinxalenye yenkqubo yeendlela ezintsha kunye neendlela ezifana ne-Agile kunye ne-Lean Startup . Ukuqonda umahluko kunye nokusebenzisana kubalulekile ekudibaniseni izixhobo ukusuka kwisigaba ngasinye ukuya kwizigaba ezifanelekileyo zalo naliphi na iprojekthi.

Ukufumana ukukhula okuzinzileyo kunye nokuhambelana kwemveliso/imarike. Isoftware esebenzayo nehlaziywa rhoqo. Xa isisombululo sicacile, uphuhliso lwemveliso olukhawulezayo.

Inkangeleko	Uyilo lokuCinga	Agile	Ukuqalisa
Gxi ninisa	Ujolise ebantwini kwaye unovelwano	Igxile ekuhambiseni izinto ngokwamanqanaba nangokuqhubekayo	Ukuqinisekiswa ngokukhawuleza kwemodeli yeshishini
Injongo	Ukufumanisa iimfuno kunye nokudala izisombululo	Phuhlisa isoftware esebenzayo enokuguquguquka
Inkqubo	Uvelwano, chaza, ceba, bonisa umzekelo, vavanya	Ukuhambahamba ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokucwangcisa kunye nokujonga emva
Iqela elifanelekileyo	Iindima ezahlukeneyo, kunye nabasebenzisi abasebenzayo	Amaqela azilungelelanisileyo nanobuchule
Isiphumo	Izisombululo ezigxile kwiimfuno zomsebenzisi
Uyisebenzisa nini	Ukujamelana neengxaki ezingachazwanga okanye izinto ezintsha eziphazamisayo

Iinkampani ezininzi zidibanisa ngempumelelo ezi ndlela: zisebenzisa i-Design Thinking ukufumanisa nokuchaza ingxaki, i-Agile ukuphumeza izisombululo kwimijikelo emifutshane, kunye ne-Lean Startup ukuqinisekisa iingcamango kunye neemodeli zoshishino ngomngcipheko omncinci kunye nexesha.

[i-url enxulumeneyo = "https://www.oriente21.com/que-es-figma/"]

Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ekuCingeni uYilo

Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuCinga ngoYilo, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezibonakalayo, ezihlalutyayo, nezisebenzisanayo ukuphucula inqanaba ngalinye. Ezinye zezona zidumileyo zezi:

• Iimephu zovelwano y Iimephu zohambo lwabathengi ukuze ubone iimvakalelo zomsebenzisi kunye nohambo.
• Indlela yokwenziwa komntu (umntu othengayo) ukuchonga iiprofayili zomsebenzisi eziphambili kunye nokugxila kwiziphakamiso zexabiso.
• Iiphaneli zokucinga ngeengcinga kunye neemephu zengqondo eziququzelela ulungiselelo kunye nokukhethwa kweengcinga zobuchule.
• Iiprototypes ezibonakalayo nezedijithali ngesoftware ekhethekileyo, ukuprinta kwe-3D, ii-cardboard mock-ups, ii-wireframes ezisebenzisanayo, njl.
• Iifomu zengxelo yenzelwe ukuqokelela izimvo zabasebenzisi bokwenyani ngexesha lesigaba sovavanyo.
• Izixhobo zolawulo lweeprojekthi kunye nokulandelela njengaye asanaokuvumela ukulungelelanisa uphuhliso lwesigaba ngasinye kunye nokuphindaphinda, ulwakhiwo lwezixhobo, kunye nokulinganisa iziphumo.

Iingenelo kunye nokungalungi koCingo loYilo

Eyona nto iphambili kuyo

• Ingqwalasela iyonke kumsebenzisi wokugqibela: Zonke izigaba zenzelwe abantu abachaphazeleka zizisombululo engqondweni.
• Ikhuthaza ukwahlukana kunye nentsebenziswano: Ukudibana kwezakhono namava kunciphisa ucalucalulo kwaye kuzisa iziphumo ezibalaseleyo.
• Ikhuthaza ubuchule kwaye ivula ingqondo kwizisombululo ezingaqhelekanga: Ukucinga ngoYilo kuyayinyamezela impazamo kunye nophando, izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ukuze kubekho impumelelo ekuphuhliseni izinto ezintsha.
• Ikuvumela ukuba uqinisekise ngaphambi kokuba utyale imali: Umjikelo weprototyping kunye nempendulo ugcina izixhobo kwaye ufumanisa iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba kube semva kwexesha.
• Iphucula umoya weqela kunye nokuziva uyinxalenye yabanye: Ngokubandakanya bonke abantu ngenene, iiprojekthi zivelisa intsingiselo kunye nokuzibophelela.
• Lungiselela ukwenziwa kwezigqibo: Ukufunda okuphindaphindayo kukhokela inkqubela phambili kwaye kunciphisa ukungaqiniseki.

Iingxaki okanye imida enokubakho

• Ingatolikwa gwenxa njenge "fomula yomlingo": Ukuyisebenzisa ngokungakhathaliyo ngaphandle kokuqonda ifilosofi yayo kudla ngokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezimbi.
• Kufuna amava okwenyani ukuze kuphuculwe ukufunda: Akwanelanga ukufunda ngokuCinga ngoYilo; ukugqwesa kuvela ekusebenzeni nasekucingisiseni ngeeprojekthi zokwenyani.
• Ayithathi indawo yamava abayili abaziingcali: Nangona izixhobo ziya zifikeleleka lula, ubuchule bomyili buyinto ebalulekileyo ekusombululeni iingxaki ezinzima ngokuyila.
• Isenokungqubana neenkcubeko zombutho eziqinileyo okanye ezingathandi iimpazamo: Apho iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo kuphela ezibalulekileyo kwaye uvavanyo lungakhuthazwa, le ndlela ayiphumeleli kangako.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuziphepha

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa kuphunyezwa i-Design Thinking zihlala zinxulumene nokwamkelwa kwenkqubo ngokungakhathali okanye ngokungqongqo . Phakathi kweempazamo ezixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Yiphathe njengencwadi yeresiphi enezigaba ezisisigxina kwaye ingabi yinkqubo eguquguqukayo efuna ukulungiswa.
• Ukucinga ukuba into ebalulekileyo kukuvelisa nje izimvo ezininzi, ukulibala uvelwano kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokwenyani.
• Ukunciphisa inkqubo iye kwinqanaba leworkshop ngaphandle kokuba izisombululo ziphunyezwe okanye zibe nefuthe ngokwenene kwishishini.
• Ukunciphisa iingcinga zibe ngumsebenzi nje "wokudala", ngaphandle kokudibanisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo kunye neendima ezibalulekileyo ngaphakathi kumbutho.
• Ukungaqondi ukuba ukuqamba izinto ezintsha kubandakanya ukwamkela iimpazamo ezithile nokufunda, ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukukhuthaza inkcubeko yokuphucula okuqhubekayo.

Ukuphepha ezi mpazamo kubandakanya ukuba noqeqesho nenkxaso eyaneleyo, ukubandakanya ngokwenene abantu ababalulekileyo, kunye nokulungelelanisa indlela yokusebenza ukuze ihambelane nenyani yeprojekthi nganye.

Indlela yokufaka i-Design Thinking kwiqela lakho okanye kwinkampani yakho

Ukudibanisa le ndlela kwinkcubeko yakho kunokuqala ngamanyathelo amancinci kwaye kukhule ngokwempumelelo yeenkqubo zokuqala.

• Qala ngokuyisebenzisa kwimingeni ethile, elinganisekayo, nelawulekayo ukuze iqela liqhelane nayo kwaye libone iziphumo ezibonakalayo.
• Yenza amaqela ahlukeneyo, uvumele iindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuba zinegalelo kwizakhono zazo kunye nemibono yazo kwizigaba zokucinga kunye nokubonisa.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo zedijithali kunye neebhodi zentsebenziswano ukuze uhlele izigaba kwaye ugcine ulungelelwaniso nokufunda phakathi kwamaqela.
• Ikhuthaza uqeqesho oluqhubekayo kwiNgcinga yoYilo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ombutho, idibanisa indlela esebenza ngayo nenkcubeko yokulinga nokuphucula.

Khumbula ukuba nayiphi na iprojekthi ingazuza kwi-Design Thinking: ukusuka ekuyileni imveliso entsha yedijithali okanye ebonakalayo, ukuphucula iinkqubo zangaphakathi, ukudala iiphulo zokuthengisa, ukuya ekuchazeni ngokutsha umbono weqhinga lombutho wakho.

Imbali kunye nophuhliso lweNgcinga yoYilo

Igama elithile Uyilo lokuCinga Yaqala ukubonakala ngo-1959 xa uNjingalwazi uJohn E. Arnold wazisa le ngcamango kubunjineli, yalandelwa yiminikelo evela kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford nakwimizi-mveliso. Kuyo yonke iminyaka yoo-70 noo-80, yasekwa njengendlela yokusebenza, kunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo epapashwe ngababhali abanjengoHerbert Simon noTim Brown.
Okwangoku, ukwamkelwa kwayo kusasazeka kuwo onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho, kokubini kwihlabathi labucala nelikawonke-wonke, ngokwedijithali nangobuso ngobuso.

Iinkampani eziphambili ezifana neApple, iGoogle, iNike, iAirbnb, iToyota, kunye neebhanki ezinkulu ziye zatshintsha kakhulu ngokwamkela le ndlela yokuyila nokuqalisa iimveliso ezintsha, iinkonzo, okanye amava.

Imizekelo yokwenyani yesenzo sokuCinga ngoYilo

• Apple: Uguquko lwe-iPhone kunye namava e-Apple akhelwe kuphando olunzulu lwe-ethnographic kwiimfuno zokwenyani zabasebenzisi. Impumelelo yayo ikwindlela ethanda ngayo ukwenza lula amava kwaye idlule ulindelo lweemvakalelo lwabo basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe.
• Nike: Ukudalwa kwetekhnoloji yeFlyknit yezihlangu, enciphisa inkunkuma kwaye iphucule ukusebenza, kwaba sisiphumo sokusetyenziswa ngokucwangcisiweyo kwazo zonke izigaba zeNgcinga yoYilo, ukusuka ekuvelaneni nabadlali kunye nabasebenzi, ukuya ekuphindaphindeni amakhulu eeprototypes ngaphambi kokuqalisa imveliso yokugqibela.
• Airbnb: Le nkampani yasuka ekubeni nengxaki yokubhukisha yaya ekubeni yinkokeli yehlabathi ngokubonakalisa uvelwano ngokwenene ngababuki zindwendwe kunye neendwendwe. Baye batyelela iindawo zokuhlala baza bavavanya izisombululo ezilula, ezinje ngokuphucula umgangatho weefoto, nto leyo eyathi yandisa ukubhukisha kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
• I-IDEO: Njengenkokeli yehlabathi kwingcebiso ngezinto ezintsha, le ndlela iyenze yathandwa ngokusebenzisa imizekelo yovavanyo kumacandelo amaninzi. Umzekelo oyintloko kukuyilwa ngokutsha kwetroli yesuphamakethi kwiintsuku ezintlanu kuphela kusetyenziswa amaqela ahlukeneyo kunye novavanyo phantsi kweemeko zokwenyani.

Iimeko ezifanelekileyo kunye namacandelo okuCinga ngoYilo

UkuCinga ngoYilo kunokusetyenziswa naphi na apho kukho imingeni yokwenene yabantu, iingxaki ezinzima, kunye nesidingo sokudala ixabiso eliqhutywa ngamava omsebenzisi. Igqwesa kumacandelo afana nala:

• Imfundo kunye nokwakheka: Uyilo olutsha lwezifundo, izixhobo zokufundisa, amava eklasini.
• Ezempilo: Uphuculo kunyango lwezonyango, iinkqubo zokulaliswa esibhedlele, okanye uyilo lweenkonzo zonyango ezintsha.
• Ukubonisana kunye notshintsho lwedijithali: Uphuhliso kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwezisombululo kwimveliso entsha evulelekileyo, iinkqubo zoshishino, ukwenziwa kwedijithali kunye nokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo.
• Iinkonzo zemali: Ukudala amava ebhanki agxile kwiselula, ukuphuhlisa iimveliso zamacandelo athile.
• Ukuthengisa kunye nokuhanjiswa: Uyilo lwezicwangciso ezintsha zamava abathengi, ukulungiswa kwendawo, iimveliso ezintsha kunye neenkqubo zothutho.

Indlela yokuqala ukuziqhelanisa nokuCinga ngoYilo

Kwabo bafuna ukuqalisa ukuCinga ngoYilo, isincomo esiphambili kukuqeqesha iingcali ezinamava okwenyani, ukusebenzisa le ndlela kwimingeni emincinci, nokukhuthaza ukucamngca ngokuhlangeneyo.

• Khetha umngeni olula apho impembelelo ibonakala khona kwiqela nakwintlangano.
• Iqhuba uqeqesho olusisiseko kunye neeworkshops zokudala ngokubambisana ukuze iqhelane namaqela.
• Khetha uncedo lwabacebisi okanye abaqeqeshi kumava okuqala ukuze uphucule iziphumo kwaye uphephe iimpazamo ezinkulu.
• Idibanisa amaxesha, iibhodi zedijithali, kunye nooomatshini ukuze ibonelele ngokulandelela okuqhubekayo kweeprojekthi kunye nokuphindaphinda kwazo.

Khumbula ukuba ukufunda kuvela ekuziqhelaniseni, ekuqwalaseleni, nasekuphuculeni xa kukho iimpazamo: Ukucinga ngoYilo yindlela yokucinga kunokuba ibe luluhlu lwemisebenzi okanye isixhobo esilula sokucinga ngezinto.

Izifundo kunye nezixhobo ezicetyiswayo

Kwabo bafuna ukuphonononga nzulu, ezi zihloko kunye neewebhusayithi zibalulekile:

• Brown, T. (2008). “Ukucinga ngoYilo”, Uphononongo lweShishini lwaseHarvard.
• UBrown, T. kunye noKatz, B. (2009). Utshintsho ngoYilo: Indlela Ukucinga ngoYilo okuguqula ngayo imibutho kwaye kukhuthaze ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintshaIshishini likaHarper.
• UCross, N. (2011). Ukucinga ngoyilo: Ukuqonda indlela abayili abacinga nabasebenza ngayoUBerg.
• Isikolo saseStanford: https://dschool.stanford.edu/
• Le yiNgcinga yoYilo: http://thisisdesignthinking.net

Ukongeza, amaqonga anje anikezela ngezixhobo, iitemplate, kunye nemisebenzi yokwenza kube lula ukulandelela, ulawulo, kunye nentsebenziswano malunga neeprojekthi ze-Design Thinking.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga nokuCinga ngoYilo

Ngezantsi, siza kusombulula amathandabuzo aqhelekileyo anokuvela ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenzisa le ndlela kwindawo okuyo:

• Ngaba kufuneka ube ngumyili ukuze usebenzise i-Design Thinking? Hayi, nangona amava kunye nendlela yokucinga yabayili inegalelo, nabani na onenkuthazo, ukuvuleleka kunye nomnqweno wokuvavanya unokongeza ixabiso.
• Ingaba yenzelwe kuphela iinkampani zobuchule okanye zetekhnoloji? Hayi. Ukucinga ngoYilo kusebenza ngokulinganayo kwiibhanki, kulawulo, kukhathalelo lwempilo, kwiiyunivesithi, kwii-SME, nakwiinkampani ezinkulu. Naliphi na icandelo lingenza izinto ezintsha ngokugxila kwinkqubo kumava oluntu.
• Ngaba iindlela zingadityaniswa? Ewe, kuqhelekile ukuxuba i-Design Thinking, i-Agile kunye ne-Lean Startup kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zeprojekthi enye ukuze kusetyenziswe ezona zinto zibalaseleyo kuyo nganye.
• Ngaba ndifuna izixhobo ezibizayo okanye iteknoloji entsonkothileyo? Hayi. Ukucinga ngoYilo kunokuqala ephepheni okanye ngomzobo wamanqaku asemva koko; okubalulekileyo sisimo sengqondo kunye nenkqubo, kungekhona izixhobo ngokwazo.

Umhlathi wokugqibela

UkuCinga ngoYilo kuye kwazibonakalisa njengendlela ebalulekileyo kwabo bafuna ukukhuthaza ubuchule kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kulo naliphi na icandelo, okuvumela amaqela ahlukeneyo ukuba asombulule iingxaki ezinzima ngezisombululo ezisekelwe kwinyani yomntu. Igxile kuvelwano kunye novavanyo, le ndlela inceda ukuguqula iingcamango zibe zizenzo, iqinise intsebenziswano, kwaye inciphise umngcipheko kunye nokungaqiniseki, ngelixa ihlala ivulelekile ekufundeni okutsha.