Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nokukhubazeka: imingeni, iingenelo kunye nemiqobo yokubandakanywa ngokwenene

Ukuvela kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI) kuvule ihlabathi lamathuba amakhulu okuguqula ubomi babantu abakhubazekileyo, ukuphucula ukufikelela kwabo kulwazi, unxibelelwano, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kuluntu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ezi teknoloji ziqhubela phambili, kuvela imingeni emitsha yokuziphatha, iingozi, kunye nemibuzo malunga nendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba ziyabandakanya ngokwenene kwaye aziqhubeki nokungalingani.

Kulo lonke eli nqaku, sinikezela ngesishwankathelo esibanzi, esiyinyani, nesineenkcukacha zendlela ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obuyichaphazela ngayo intsimi yokukhubazeka, kokubini ngokweenzuzo zayo kunye nempumelelo yayo esebenzayo kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko kunye neengcamango zomthetho kunye nokuziphatha ekufuneka zilawule uphuhliso lwayo. Konke oku kuxhaswa zizifundo ezifanelekileyo, amava okwenyani, kunye nemigaqo yokukunika ulwazi oluhlaziyiweyo nolunokuthenjwa.

Ukudibana kwe-AI kunye nokukhubazeka: Ithuba okanye umngeni?

Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bunamandla okuguqula ngokupheleleyo indlela abantu abakhubazekileyo abasebenzisana ngayo nendawo abakuyo, bafikelele kwiinkonzo, kwaye baphile ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Kodwa oku kuguqulelwa njani ekusebenzeni? Nangona uninzi lwabantu luzazi iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezixhaswa yi-AI, ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngabantu abakhubazekileyo kusalinganiselwe. Uphononongo olwenziwe yiRoyal Board on Disability kunye ne-CEDID, ngophando lwabantu abangama-864 abakhubazekileyo—abamele uhlobo lokukhubazeka, isini, kunye nobudala—lufumanise ukuba nangona phantse bonke beqhelene nezixhobo okanye izisombululo ze-AI, yi-12,3% kuphela ezisebenzisa zona.

Oku kutyhila inyani: I-AI inamandla, kodwa ukufikelela ngokwenene kusenomda kwaye kugcwele imiqobo. Phakathi kwezi, ukungamelwa ngokwaneleyo kokwahlukahluka kwiiseti zedatha ezisetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha i-AI kuyabonakala, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekucalucaluleni okuya kuthi ekugqibeleni kucalucalule okanye kungahoywa iimfuno zokwenyani zoluntu.

Iingenelo ze-AI kubantu abakhubazekileyo

Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe sele yenza ubomi bube lula kubantu abakhubazekileyo, ingakumbi ekuphuculeni ukufikelela kubo. Umzekelo oyintloko ukwicandelo lokukhubazeka kokuva, apho i-AI itshintshe khona unxibelelwano, ivula iingcango ezihlala zivaliwe kangangeminyaka. Izixhobo ezisebenzisa i-AI zivumela amava abandakanyayo natyebileyo kunokuba bekucingelwa ngaphambili. Eminye imizekelo ephawulekayo ibandakanya:

• Ukubhala phantsi ngokuzenzekelayo kwiintlanganiso ze-intanethi: Platforms ezifana Ukudibana kukaGoogle, Zoom Amaqela eMicrosoft okwangoku aquka ii-caption ezenziwe yi-AI ngexesha langempela, ezivumela abantu abazizithulu okanye abanengxaki yokuva ukuba balandele iintlanganiso ezikwi-intanethi ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kuphela kubatoliki.
• Usetyenziso lokubhala umbhalo ophilayo: Ii-apps ezifana ne-Ava, i-Otter.ai, okanye i-Google's Live Transcribe ziguqula incoko ethethwayo ibe yimibhalo nge-milliseconds, nto leyo evumela ukuba abantu bathathe inxaxheba kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla, ukusuka kwingxoxo yezonyango ukuya kwincoko engacwangciswanga.
• Abaguquleli bolwimi lwezandla abazenzekelayo: Iiprojekthi ezinje Intetho Yesandla Zibonisa indlela i-AI evumela ngayo ukuguqulelwa kombhalo kunye nentetho kulwimi lwezandla, kusetyenziswa ii-avatar zedijithali ezitolika umxholo kwaye zenze ukuba ufikeleleke kubantu abaninzi. Oku kukwanceda ekuqiniseni ulwimi lwezandla njengendlela esemthethweni yonxibelelwano.
• Abancedisi be-intanethi bezixhobo ezininzi: Izixhobo ezifana ne-Alexa, i-Google Assistant, okanye i-Siri, ezayenzelwe ukunxibelelana ngelizwi ekuqaleni, ngoku zidityaniswe neendlela zokufaka imiyalelo ngesicatshulwa, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisa kubantu abangakwaziyo ukuthetha, abangevayo, okanye abaneengxaki zokuthetha.
• Izincedisi zokuva ezihlakaniphile: Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zizixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva ezisebenzisa i-AI, ezikwaziyo ukulungisa isandi ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwendalo esingqongileyo, ukuchonga amazwi, kunye nokucoca ingxolo, zibonelela amava okuphulaphula endalo kwaye angadinisi kakhulu.

Olu phuculo lubonisa inyathelo elibonakalayo eliya ekuzimeleni nasekuzimeleni kwabantu abakhubazekileyo. Ukususela ekuthatheni inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimfundo okanye emsebenzini ukuya ekunciphiseni imizamo yonxibelelwano kwiindawo ezinzima, ezi zixhobo zenza kube lula ukufikelela, zivumela abantu ukuba bakhethe isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zabo.

Izikhewu kunye nemingeni ekwamkelweni kobukrelekrele bokwenziwa

Nangona ziluncedo, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bukwazisa imingeni emikhulu. Enye yezona zinto ziphambili ngumsantsa wokufikelela ngokulinganayo kwezi teknoloji. Izinto ezifana nokuxhomekeka kuqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi oluhle, iindleko zezixhobo, ukungabikho koqeqesho lobuchwepheshe, kunye nokusilela ekubonakalisweni kokwahluka phakathi kwamaqela ophuhliso kwenza kube nzima ukuba i-AI ibandakanyeke ngokwenene.

Kwelinye icala, kukho iingozi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-algorithms kunye nedatha eninzi. Ukuba ulwazi olusetyenziswa ukuqeqesha ezi nkqubo alubonisi ukwahlukahlukana kunye nobunzima babasebenzisi abakhubazekileyo, lunokubangela ukucalucalulwa, ucalucalulo, okanye iimpazamo, ezichaphazela iindawo ezibuthathaka ezifana nokufikelela kwingqesho okanye kwimpilo.

Impembelelo yokuziphatha neyomthetho yokusetyenziswa kwe-AI

Umbuzo ophambili kukuba ungakha njani ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa obunoxanduva obuhlonipha amalungelo abantu abakhubazekileyo. Imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, izifundo zaseyunivesithi, kunye neziseko zigxininisa imfuneko yokuxhobisa i-AI ngemigaqo eqinisekisa ukulingana, ukungacalucaluli, kunye nentlonipho yokuzimela.

Ingxelo ethi , "Ubuchule Bokwenziwa Njengesixhobo Sokubandakanywa Kwabantu Abakhubazekileyo," igxininisa ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezi teknoloji kusoloko kuxhaswa ziindlela zomthetho nezokuziphatha, kwaye uxanduva lokugqibela lulele kubadali kunye nabasebenzisi beenkqubo ze-AI, kungekhona oomatshini ngokwabo. Kufuneka ukucamngca nzulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo akuqhubeki nokungalingani okanye kubenze abantu bangabi nabuntu abo bafanele bakhuselwe zizo.

Amaziko afana ne- UN akhuthaza ukudalwa kwezakhelo zomthetho zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha ukuze kukhokele uphuhliso lwe-AI efanelekileyo nebandakanya wonke umntu. Ngaphezu koko, amanyathelo afana nesicwangciso esidibeneyo se-CERMI kunye ne-Fundación ONCE se-algorithms yoluntu ebandakanya wonke umntu abonisa amanyathelo acacileyo kweli cala.

Ucalucalulo kunye nokumelwa: ukubaluleka "kokubandakanya ukwahlukahlukana" ukususela ezantsi ukuya phezulu

Iingcali ezininzi ziyavuma ukuba i-AI iya kuba yeyokubandakanya abantu abaninzi kwaye ilungile ukuba abantu abakhubazekileyo bathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekudalweni kwayo. Izikhokelo ezivela kwiForam yezoQoqosho lweHlabathi ( 2022 ) kunye ne-CMU roadmap ( 2018 ) zicebisa ukunciphisa ukucalucalulwa kwiiseti zedatha kunye nokuqinisekisa iisampulu ezimele iqela, ukuthintela i-AI ekufundeni ukucalucalulwa okuyingozi.

Ukungabikho kwemizekelo emihle kunye nedatha ebucayi malunga nokukhubazeka kudla ngokukhokelela kwii-algorithms ekubeni zingabakhathaleli okanye zibacalucalule ngokungathanga ngqo abantu abakhubazekileyo. Ukubandakanya abantu abakhubazekileyo kuyilo, uvavanyo, kunye nophuculo lweenkqubo kubalulekile ekudaleni izisombululo ezithembekileyo, ezibandakanya bonke, kwaye ezingakhethi cala.

Izicelo eziphambili ze-AI kunye neeprojekthi eziveziweyo zabakhubazekileyo

Icandelo le-AI elisetyenziswa kubantu abakhubazekileyo libonelela ngezisombululo kunye neeprojekthi ezintsha. Eminye imizekelo ephawulekayo ibandakanya:

• Imfundo efikelelekayo: Iinkqubo zemfundo ezihambelanayo nezibonelela ngezixhobo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, ukuguqulelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kulwimi lwezandla, kunye nokufundiswa komntu ngamnye ngokweemfuno zabafundi.
• Ukufikeleleka kwiwebhu nakwiselula: Izixhobo ezifana nezifundi zesikrini ezikrelekrele, abancedisi be-AI, kunye nee-apps eziguqula umbhalo ube yintetho okanye ngokuchaseneyo zikhuthaza ukufikelela kwidijithali kubantu abakhubazekileyo.
• Ukuhamba kunye nokuzimela: Ii-algorithms zokuhamba ngendlela eguquguqukayo, ukuqondwa kwemiqobo ngexesha langempela, kunye neenkqubo eziguqula imiqondiso ebonakalayo ibe zizaziso zesandi okanye eziphathwayo.
• Ukhathalelo lweTelecare: I-Smart telemedicine kunye namaqonga okujonga kude aqokelela idatha, afumanisa iipateni kwaye aqaphele iingozi, nto leyo ephucula umgangatho wobomi.

Iiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe nezesizwe ezifana ne -Okeenea okanye ingxelo yeRandstad-UOC Foundation zibonisa impembelelo ye-AI ekufikelelekeni nasekuqeshweni kwabantu abakhubazekileyo.

Imingeni yemithetho kunye neyentlalo eya kwi-AI ebandakanya wonke umntu ngokwenene

Imithetho ecacileyo ibalulekile kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe olunenkathalo. I-European Union isebenza kwisakhelo esiqinileyo solawulo esiqinisekisa ubulungisa, ukhuseleko lwedatha, kunye nokungacalucaluli, njengoko kuchaziwe kwi- Communication on Artificial Intelligence for Europe and the Ethical Guidelines for Trustworthy AI . ESpain, iRoyal Legislative Decree 1/2013 imisela imigaqo yokubandakanywa koluntu kunye nokuzimela kwedijithali kwabantu abakhubazekileyo.

Ukungafihlisi, ulawulo localucalulo, kunye nokukhuselwa kobumfihlo nazo ziyimingeni ephambili. Intsebenziswano nemibutho yoluntu, efana ne -CERMI , kunye nokubandakanyeka okusebenzayo kwabantu abakhubazekileyo kwinkqubo yoyilo kubalulekile ekudaleni ubuchwepheshe obungathinteli nje kuphela ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kodwa obukwajongana neemfuno zabo ngokwenene.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo, umahluko wedijithali, kunye nekamva le-AI ebandakanya wonke umntu

Ukukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu abakhubazekileyo kuyilo nophuhliso lwezisombululo zobuchwepheshe kubalulekile kwi-AI ebandakanya wonke umntu. Kubalulekile ukuseka iindlela zonxibelelwano phakathi kwabadali nabasebenzisi, sidlulela ngaphaya komzekelo wootata kwaye sikhuthaze ukuzimela nokuxhotyiswa.

Imiqobo efana nokwahlukana kwedijithali , ukunqongophala koqeqesho olukhethekileyo, kunye nesidingo soyilo oluqhelekileyo oluqwalasela iiprofayili ezahlukeneyo zokufikelela zisekhona . Ngolawulo olunemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, olubandakanya wonke umntu, nolulumkileyo, i-AI inokuba sisiseko esinamandla sotshintsho lwentlalo kunye namathuba alinganayo.

Inkqubela yayo kwicandelo lokukhubazeka isathembisa, yoyisa imiqobo kunxibelelwano, ukufikelela, kunye nokuzimela. Nangona kunjalo, ukufezekisa ukubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo kufuna imigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu esebenzayo, intsebenziswano phakathi kwabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwezentlalo, kunye nokuzibophelela okuqinileyo kumalungelo oluntu. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabantu abakhubazekileyo kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokudalwa, ukongamela, kunye nokulawula kuya kuba yimfuneko ekwakheni iindawo zedijithali ezifanelekileyo nezifikelelekayo kubo bonke.