Indlela eliyiyo igumbi lokufundela laseReggio Emilia: amanqaku aphambili, uyilo kunye nemizekelo esebenzayo

Indlela yeReggio Emilia itshintshe imfundo yabantwana abancinci ngenxa yombono wayo omtsha, apho intlonipho yabantwana, ubuchule, kunye nokuzimela zezinye zeentsika zayo eziphambili. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngokweenkcukacha ukuba injani iklasi yeReggio Emilia, yintoni eyahlula kwezinye, kunye nendlela yokuyisebenzisa , eli nqaku likunika ulwazi olupheleleyo noluhlaziyiweyo.

Asingombandela wefenitshala okanye izinto zokuyila nje kuphela: Amagumbi okufundela aseReggio Emilia acebisa indlela eyahlukileyo yokuqonda ukufunda, indima yotitshala, kunye nokubaluleka kweentsapho . Siza kuhlalutya zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo kunye nendlela nasiphi na isikolo, nokuba sineeklasi ezinkulu okanye izixhobo ezimbalwa, esinokuziqhelanisa ngayo ezi ngcamango.

Imvelaphi kunye nefilosofi yeeklasi zaseReggio Emilia

Le ndlela yaqala kwisixeko sase-Itali iReggio Emilia emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Kwimeko yokwakha ngokutsha nethemba, iqela loomama kunye notitshala uLoris Malaguzzi baxhasa inkqubo yemfundo elawulwa ngokwabo, egxile kakhulu kwimpilo-ntle yomntwana. Eli bali lokuqina noluntu liyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ootitshala kunye nezikolo kwihlabathi liphela.

Imbono yabantu ngobuntwana luphawu olucacileyo: abantwana abangoovimba abangenanto, kodwa ngabantu abazele zizakhono kunye namandla . Injongo kukuxhasa ukufunda kwabo, kungekhona ukuyilawula, ukukhuthaza umdla wabo kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukuhlola.

Imigaqo esisiseko yeklasi yaseReggio Emilia

• Umntwana njengomlinganiswa ophambili: Abafundi ngootitshala bokuqala, abakwaziyo ukufumanisa, ukuphanda nokwakha ulwazi lwabo ngokudlala, ukubuza imibuzo kunye nokuvavanya.
• Umntu omdala njengesikhokelo kunye nomfundi oncedisayo: Utitshala uhamba naye, ujonga kwaye uququzelela, kodwa akaze anyanzelise, ekhuthaza ukuzimela kunye nokucinga nzulu.
• Imeko-bume njengotitshala wesithathu: Indawo, ukukhanya, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, kunye noyilo lwegumbi lokufundela zikhuthaza ukuphonononga kunye nokuziveza. Indawo entle, efikelelekayo, neguquguqukayo ibalulekile.
• Amaxwebhu okufundisa: Inkqubo yokufunda ihlala ibhalwe phantsi, ixabisa uhambo kunye nesiphumo. Izinto abantwana abanomdla kuzo kunye nenkqubela yabo zibonakaliswa ngeefoto, iiphaneli, iirekhodi, kunye nezixhobo ezibhaliweyo.
• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kweentsapho kunye noluntu: Abazali banikela ngeengcinga, izixhobo kunye namava, besebenzisana kwiiprojekthi kwaye besiya kwimiboniso nakwiintlanganiso ezivulelekileyo.

Injani iklasi yaseReggio Emilia? Izinto eziphambili

Indawo yaseReggio Emilia iyamkela, ikhanya, kwaye ivulelekile kubuchule . Akukho zidesika zimiqolo okanye izakhiwo eziqinileyo; imeko-bume ikhuthaza uphononongo oluqhubekayo.

• Iindawo ezisikelwe umda: Igumbi lokufundela lahlulwe langamakona amancinci alungiselelwe ukuhlola: iilebhu zokukhanya nezithunzi, amakona obugcisa okanye esayensi, iindawo zokufunda kunye neendawo zokuva.
• Izinto zendalo nezisetyenzisiweyo: Izinto ezifana nomthi, amatye, amagqabi, amaqokobhe, amalaphu, kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zithatha indawo ephambili. Zisebenza ekulawuleni, ekwakheni, ekudaleni, nasekufumaneni amathuba angenasiphelo ezinto.
• Iindawo zobugcisa kunye nokuziveza (Atelier): Iindawo ezizinikele ekuzobeni, ekupeyinteni, ekukroleni, kumculo nakwizilingo zokuva, apho kuvela khona "iilwimi ezilikhulu zomntwana".
• Umboniso kunye namaxwebhu: Iiphaneli zolwazi, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, iincwadi zamanqaku kunye i ntetho I-multimedia ebonisa iifoto, amabinzana, kunye neeprojekthi ezenziwe ngabafundi, ezabelwana ngazo noluntu.
• Iindawo ezivulekileyo kunye nokukhanya kwendalo: Iifestile ezinkulu, ukujikeleza kolwelo phakathi kwamagumbi kunye nombutho wendawo okhuthaza ukuzimela kunye nokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo.
• Ifenitshala eguquguqukayo: Iitafile ezihambayo, iikhaphethi, iisiteji ezincinci, iishelufu ezifikelelekayo… Yonke into yenzelwe ukuqhelana ngokukhawuleza nezinto ezithandwa liqela kunye nezindululo zalo.

Intshukumo yemihla ngemihla kunye nendima katitshala kwigumbi lokufundela laseReggio Emilia

Kwigumbi lokufundela laseReggio Emilia akukho nkqubo ivaliweyo okanye ishedyuli eqinileyo , kodwa endaweni yoko iiprojekthi kunye nemisebenzi zivela kwiinkxalabo zabantwana.

• Umsebenzi osekelwe kwiprojekthi: Iqela ngalinye liphuhlisa uphando olude nolunzulu ngezihloko ezikhethwe ngabo: ukufuduka kwamabhabhathane, ukwakhiwa kwesixeko, ingqokelela yamagqabi, okanye umjikelo wamanzi.
• Amaqela amancinci kunye neendima ezijikelezayo: Iqela elikhulu lahlulwe laba ngamaqela amancinci atshintshana ngemisebenzi, iiworkshops, kunye neeseshoni zokubambisana. Iindima ngaphakathi kweqela ziyatshintsha ukuze kuxhotyiswe bonke abathathi-nxaxheba.
• Ukuqwalasela kunye nokumamela ngokukhutheleyo: Utitshala usebenzisa incwadi yokubhalela, irekhoda, okanye ithebhulethi ukubhala phantsi izinto ezibonwayo ngokuzenzekelayo, amabinzana ahlekisayo, kunye nemibuzo evela ebantwaneni, nto leyo enceda ekuyileni izindululo ezintsha zokufunda.
• Umsebenzi weemvakalelo nowentlalontle: Ingqwalasela enkulu inikwa kwiimvakalelo, incoko, ukusombulula iingxabano, kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono zentlalo kuyo yonke imisebenzi.

Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwigumbi lokufundela laseReggio Emilia

Enye yeempawu ezikhethekileyo zale ndlela kukwahluka nobutyebi bezixhobo, ezikhuthaza uvavanyo kunye nobuchule nokuba kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluphantsi. Ezinye zezi zixhobo ziquka:

• Izinto zendalo: Amasebe, amatye, imbewu, amagqabi, amaqokobhe, iziqwenga zomthi.
• Iphinda isetyenziswe kwaye ingasetyenziswa kwakhona: Iikepusi, amalaphu, iityhubhu zekhadibhodi, iibhokisi, izikhonkwane zempahla.
• Izixhobo zobugcisa: Udongwe, iipeyinti zetempera, imifanekiso yamanzi, iipensile ezinemibala, iphepha elineempahla ezahlukeneyo, iibhrashi.
• Itekhnoloji (ilungelelene): Iikhamera zedijithali, iitablethi zokurekhoda iiskeni, iiprojektha kunye nezibane zokusebenza ngokukhanya kunye nezithunzi.
• Imathiriyeli ezinzileyo: Ifenitshala eyenziwe ngomthi oqinisekisiweyo, amalaphu endalo, izinto ezilungele indalo, kunye nezinto zokudlala ezenziwe ngesandla.

Indima yokukhanya ekufundeni: indlela yokufundisa ukukhanya

" Indlela yokufundisa ukukhanya " ngomnye umgaqo osisiseko kwiiklasi zaseReggio Emilia. Ukukhanya kwendalo nokwenziwayo kusetyenziswa njengesixhobo esongezelelweyo semfundo ukudala iindawo ezikhuthazayo, ukudlala ngemibala, ukuphonononga izithunzi, nokuvuselela umdla. Iitafile ezikhanyayo, izibuko, iiprojektha, kunye nezixhobo ezikhanyayo zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisa ubuchule kunye nophando lobugcisa nolwesayensi.

Ukulungelelanisa iReggio Emilia ngokweemeko apho kukho amaqela amakhulu okanye izixhobo ezimbalwa

Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eqhelekileyo, ifenitshala ebiza kakhulu okanye izixhobo ezingenamda azibalulekanga ekuphunyezweni kwendlela kaReggio Emilia . Eyona nto iphambili kukulungelelanisa ifilosofi nemeko yesikolo ngasinye.

• Uyilo ngokutsha lweendawo ngabom: Ukwahlula igumbi lokufundela ngeekhaphethi, amakhethini, okanye iishelufu ezishukumayo kunceda ekudaleni iikona ezincinci zokufunda.
• Ukujikeleza kwamaqela: Nokuba kukho abafundi abaninzi, amaqela amancinci angakwazi ukusebenza, etshintsha imisebenzi kwaye etshintshana ngeendima.
• Izixhobo ezifikelelekayo: Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zasekuhlaleni, ukucela uncedo losapho ngokuqokelela, kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinto kwandisa uzinzo kunye nokubandakanyeka koluntu.
• Iiprojekthi ezihambelanayo nezibandakanya izifundo ezahlukeneyo: Iqela ngalinye lingaphanda isihloko esahlukileyo kodwa esihambelanayo, babelane ngezinto abazifumeneyo ekugqibeleni.
• Amaxwebhu edijithali: Ukusebenzisa iifoto, iividiyo ezimfutshane, kunye neepodcasts ezenziwe ngabafundi ngokwabo kuvumela ukuba le nkqubo irekhodwe kwaye yabelwane ngayo nangaphandle kwesikolo.

Amaxwebhu okufundisa: ukurekhoda ukuze kufundwe

Uxwebhu luphawu oluphambili lwendlela kaReggio Emilia . Lonke inyathelo eliya phambili, umbuzo, kunye nokufunyanwa ngabantwana kubhalwa kwiincwadi zamanqaku, iiphaneli, imiboniso, iifoto, kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Olu rekhodi luqhubekayo lunceda ootitshala kunye neentsapho ukuba bacinge ngenkqubo yokufunda, bachonge izinto abanomdla kuzo, kwaye bahlengahlengise iindlela ezintsha.

Ngaphezu koko, amaxwebhu asebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwesikolo nekhaya , ekhuthaza abazali ukuba babandakanyeke ngakumbi. Iiphaneli ezinamabinzana nemizobo , iigalari ezikwiipaseji, imiboniso yekota, kunye neencwadana ezabelwana ngazo ziindlela eziqhelekileyo.

Ubudlelwane neentsapho kunye noluntu lwezemfundo

Iintsapho azihambi nje ziye kuthatha abantwana bazo : zingabathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo kubomi beklasi, zinikela ngezixhobo, zinegalelo kwiiprojekthi, kwaye zabelana ngolwazi lwazo kunye neenkcubeko. Kukho iintlanganiso ezivulelekileyo, iiworkshop zabazali, imiboniso yomsebenzi wabafundi, kunye nemibhiyozo yeprojekthi yokuphela kwekota.

Unxibelelwano noluntu luqiniswa ngokuphuma kwiindawo ezikufutshane : ukutyelela iimyuziyam, izikwere, kunye neepaki, apho abantwana banokubonisa khona indalo yabo kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye abemi. Kuqhelekile ukumema iingcali zasekuhlaleni, abamelwane, kunye nabaculi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwigumbi lokufundela.

Iingenelo zendlela kaReggio Emilia

• Phuhlisa ukuzimela kunye namandla okwenza izigqibo Ebantwaneni.
• Yenza i ubuchule kunye nokucinga okwahlukileyo.
• Iphucula izakhono zentlalo, ukusebenzisana kunye nonxibelelwano.
• Uncedo kwi ulawulo lweemvakalelo kunye novelwano.
• Ivumela i ukubandakanywa bonke abantwana, behlonipha isingqisho sabo kunye neempawu zabo ezikhethekileyo.
• Ibandakanya usapho kunye noluntu kwinkqubo yemfundo.

Amagumbi okufundela aseReggio Emilia akhuthaza iindawo apho umdla, intlonipho, kunye nobuchule buqhuba ukufunda. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwendawo, izixhobo, indima yotitshala, kunye noluntu lwenza uthungelwano oluguqula imfundo yabantwana abancinci, nto leyo ebangela impembelelo entle kuluntu lonke lwezemfundo.

Indlela kaReggio Emilia: Ifilosofi, Imigaqo, Izixhobo kunye Nokusetyenziswa Kwimfundo Yabantwana Abaselula