Indlela yokufundisa iirobhothi esikolweni: isikhokelo esipheleleyo nesicwangcisiweyo sokuzisa itekhnoloji kwigumbi lokufundela

Iirobhothi ziqalise ukusebenza kwimfundo yanamhlanje, zisoyisa kungekuphela nje iiklasi zobuchwepheshe, kodwa nezinye izifundo kunye neeprojekthi zesikolo. Kwiintsapho ezininzi nakootitshala, i-robotics ibe sisixhobo esikhuthazayo nesiyonwabisayo esiphucula izakhono zokufunda zabafundi, sikhuthaza ubuchule, kwaye siguqula ikharityhulam ibe yindawo yokwenyani nenentsingiselo yokulinga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthatha inyathelo lokudibanisa i-robotics ezikolweni kusaphakamisa imibuzo emininzi: Ungaqala phi? Zeziphi izixhobo ekufuneka zikhethwe? Ungayilungisa njani umxholo kwisigaba ngasinye semfundo?

Kule khokelo, uza kufumana yonke into oyifunayo ukuze uqalise ukufundisa iirobhothi zemfundo ezikolweni ngendlela esebenzayo, yendalo, elungiselelwe imeko yangoku. Siza kujonga iingcamango eziphambili, amaqhinga amanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo, iingcebiso zokukhuthaza abafundi, kunye neendlela ezilungileyo ezisekelwe kumava okwenyani. Ukuba ungutitshala—okanye ilungu losapho elinomdla—joyina nathi ukuze ufumane indlela yokuyila amava erobhothi aguqula ngokwenene.

Kutheni iirobhothi zemfundo zibalulekile kwizikolo zanamhlanje?

Iirobhothi zemfundo aziyonto nje ithandwayo, ziyimfuneko kuluntu lwanamhlanje lwetekhnoloji kwaye zingumhlobo onamandla ekuphuhliseni izakhono zenkulungwane yama-21. Ngeeprojekthi ezidibanisa ulwakhiwo, umdlalo, kunye nohlelo, iirobhothi ziguqula igumbi lokufundela libe yilebhu yovavanyo olubandakanya izifundo ezahlukeneyo, apho abafundi bafunda khona ngaphaya komxholo olula wekharityhulam:

• Uphuhlisa ukucinga ngokwengqiqo-ngokwezibaloAbantwana kunye nabantu abancinci bafunda iinkqubo ezifana nokulandelelana, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye noyilo lwe-algorithmic.
• Ikhuthaza ubuchule, ukusombulula iingxaki, kunye nokusebenzisana njengeqela.Ukwakha kunye nokucwangcisa kunye kufuna unxibelelwano, isivumelwano, kunye nokucingisisa ngokutsha ngezisombululo.
• Iyandisa inkuthazo kunye nomdla wokufundaUkulawula iirobhothi nokubona iziphumo zokwenyani kukhuthaza umdla kunye nomnqweno wokufunda.
• Khulisa izakhono eziphambili "ezithambileyo" kwihlabathi lobungcali: ukuzimela, ukunyamezela xa kukho iimpazamo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, unxibelelwano olusebenzayo.
• Ivumela ukuhlanganiswa komxholo ovela kwiindawo ezininziIzibalo, ulwimi, isayensi, okanye ubugcisa ziguqulwa zibe zizicelo ezisebenzayo kwiprojekthi nganye yerobhothi.

Izifundo ezininzi zixhasa iingenelo zerobhothi zemfundoUmzekelo, iYunivesithi yaseCádiz ibonisa ukuba iphucula ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwesayensi nezibalo, ixesha lokunikel’ ingqalelo, kunye nenkuthazo yangaphakathi. Iingcali ezinjengoDavid Cuartielles (umdali-mdibanisi we-Arduino) zithi ixabiso layo lokwenyani lisekunikeni amandla abafundi ukuba baqonde ihlabathi ngokwembono enzulu nesombulula iingxaki, ngaphaya kokuqeqesha nje iinjineli zexesha elizayo.

Yintoni i-robotics yemfundo kwaye yahluke njani kwi-programming?

Iirobhothi zemfundo zisebenzisa uyilo, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokuhlela iirobhothi njengesixhobo sokufunda iingcamango zesayensi, itekhnoloji, izibalo, kwanobugcisa okanye ukubalisa amabali. Akupheleli nje ekucwangciseni iirobhothi; eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwenza uvavanyo olubonakalayo: ukuchukumisa, ukukhohlisa, ukujonga izizathu kunye neziphumo ngexesha langempela.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala yobuntwana nakwiminyaka yokuqala yesikolo samabanga aphantsi, ukuphathaphatha nokudlala kubalulekile.Ukwenziwa kwenkqubo kusetyenziswa iindlela ezibonakalayo kunye neerobhothi ezinokucwangciswa ngokucinezela amaqhosha, ngaphandle kwesidingo sekhompyutha. Njengoko abafundi beqhubeka nesikolo samabanga aphantsi nesamabanga aphakamileyo, ukuqikelelwa kwezinto, ukwenziwa kwenkqubo esekelwe kumbhalo, kunye noyilo lwee-algorithms ezintsonkothileyo ziba zibaluleke ngakumbi.

• Inkqubo: Igxila kulandelelwano lwemiyalelo, nokuba ngokusebenzisa iibhloko (Khangela, Blockly, MakeCode) okanye ulwimi olubhaliweyo (Python, C++ kwiArduino).
• Iirobhothi: Ihamba inyathelo eliya phambili, idibanisa iimekhaniki, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, kunye neenkqubo ukuze kudalwe izixhobo zokwenyani ezisebenzisana nokusingqongileyo.

Zombini ezi hlabathi zidibene ngokusondeleyo, kodwa Iirobhothi zemfundo zibalasele ngendlela ezisebenza ngayo kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukubandakanywa kuyo nayiphi na indawo yezifundo.Umzekelo, iirobhothi zinokwakhiwa ukuze zidlale amabali, zisombulule imingeni yezibalo, okanye zilinganise izinto zendalo.

Imigaqo ephambili: izitshixo zokubandakanya iirobhothi ezikolweni

Akukho ndlela inye yomlingo yokwazisa ngempumelelo iirobhothi zemfundoNangona kunjalo, kukho imigaqo ethile ekhokelayo eye yabonakala isebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zeendawo kunye neemeko:

• Chaza injongo ecacileyo kunye neenjongo zokufundisa: Ngaba ufuna ukuqinisa ingcinga yokubala, ukudibanisa iindawo, ukukhuthaza abafundi abaneemfuno ezithile, okanye ukwenza nje uvavanyo?
• Iqala ngendlela eqhubekekayo neyovavanyo.: uvavanyo kumaqela amancinci, kunye nemingeni elula kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko, ukuvavanya iimpendulo kunye nokufunda.
• Igxila kwindlela esebenzayo yokufunda kunye nokufunda okusekelwe kwiprojekthi: Iiprojekthi ezinentsingiselo ziyababandakanya abafundi, zinxibelelana nezinto abanomdla kuzo, kwaye zibavumela ukuba basebenzise umxholo wethiyori kwiingxaki zokwenyani.
• Ukhuthaza intsebenziswano aze anike imisebenzi kumaqela (umcwangcisi weenkqubo, umakhi, umyili, umbhali weencwadi…): Oku kuphucula unxibelelwano kunye noxanduva lokwabelana.
• Vavanya inkqubo ngaphezu kwemveliso yokugqibela: Iimpazamo, uvavanyo kunye neempazamo, kunye noyilo olutsha ziyinxalenye yokufunda; iirubrikhi ezilungiselelwe ubuchule, ukuthatha inxaxheba, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zilungile kwaye ziluncedo ngakumbi.
• Hlanganisa iirobhothi njengesixhobo esinqumlayo: Yisebenzise kwiiprojekthi ze-STEM kunye nolwimi, ubugcisa, imbali, okanye nemfundo yeemvakalelo.
• Khetha izixhobo ezifikelelekayo ezilungele isigaba ngasinye: Akukhona nje kuphela malunga nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali; kukho izixhobo ezingabizi kakhulu kunye nezixhobo ze-DIY ezikuvumela ukuba usebenze kwi-robotics ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala yabantwana abancinci.

Ungazisa njani iirobhothi zemfundo kwinqanaba ngalinye? Amaqhinga kunye neeprojekthi zokwenyani

Iirobhothi kwiMfundo yabantwana abancinci: Dlala njengeZiko lokuFunda

KwiMfundo yaBantwana abancinci, ukufundisa iirobhothi kuthetha ukugxila ekulawuleni izinto, ekufumaneni izinto ngeemvakalelo, nasekudlaleni ngokubambisana. Injongo asikokucwangcisa ulandelelwano oluntsonkothileyo, kodwa kukwazisa iingcamango ezifana nesizathu nesiphumo, indlela eya phambili, ingqiqo esisiseko, kunye nentsebenziswano.

• Ewe kwiirobhothi ezikhohlisayo ezingenazo izikrini: Izinto zokudlala ezifana neBee-Bot (Iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe), iCubetto okanye iCodi-oruga (Bona ifayile) bazise ingcamango yolandelelwano kunye nengqiqo yokucwangcisa ngendlela evakalayo, ngokuchukumisa nangokushukumisa iziqwenga - bekungekho zikhompyutha ekuqaleni -.
• Yonke imisebenzi kufuneka yenziwe ngezandla ezishushu kakhulu: Ukuchukumisa, ukwakha okanye ukuhambisa iirobhothi, ukucofa amaqhosha nokujonga iziphumo kuyaqinisa isiseko sokucinga ngekhompyutha.
• Jikelezisa iirobhothi ngamabali kunye nomxholo odlalayo: Guqula umsebenzi ube libali, ukuzingela ubutyebi, okanye umngeni wentsebenziswano. Ngale ndlela, abantwana baqonda iteknoloji njengenxalenye yehlabathi labo.
• Ziphephe izikrini kangangoko kunokwenzeka: Kuye kwabonakala ukuba kwiminyaka yabantwana abancinci, iirobhothi "ezingasebenziyo kwi-intanethi" (ezicwangciswe ngeentolo okanye amakhadi abonakalayo) zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zikhuselekile ngakumbi.
• Iiprojekthi ezilula, iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo: Umzekelo, ukwenza umzobo odongeni kunye nokucwangcisa iBee-Bot ukuze ifikelele kumzobo ngamnye, imele ulandelelwano lwebali, ukusebenza kwizakhono ze-psychomotor ngokulandela iindlela, njl.
• Indlela yokujonga ucwangciso njengomdlalo, kungekhona njengesiphelo ngokwaso: Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba abantwana abancinci bazonwabele, bahlole, kwaye, ukuba kukho impazamo, bayisebenzise njengethuba.
• Khuthaza ukusebenza nokuhlola kumaqela amancinci: Ukusebenzisana nokutshintshana ngeendima kunceda ekuphuhliseni amaxabiso afana nentsebenziswano nentlonipho.
• Ngaphezu kwako konke, ulonwabo nomdla: Ukuba abafundi bayonwaba, bayafunda.

Iirobhothi kwiSikolo samaBanga aPhantsi: ubuchule, ukudlala kunye nokusombulula iingxaki

Isigaba sesikolo samabanga aphantsi sisiqalo esifanelekileyo sokudibanisa iirobhothi ukusuka ekudlaleni ukuya kwimingeni enzima ngakumbi. Apha, iingcamango zengqiqo, ulandelelwano, kunye nokucinga ngedijithali zihlolisiswa nzulu, zidityaniswa nezinye izifundo.

• Iindidi ngeendidi zeekiti kunye neendawo ezibonakalayo: Imfundo ye-LEGO I-SPIKE Essential kunye ne-Prime (Jonga iwebhusayithi esemthethweni), I-Dash kunye neDot, Ozobot (bona Okuninzi) okanye mBot (Jonga umenzi) ikuvumela ukuba ujongane namanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ukusuka kumanyathelo okuqala ukuya kulwakhiwo oluphambili kunye nenkqubo.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamaqonga kunye neelwimi "ezisekelwe kwiibhloko": Khangela (platform), Ibhlokile (ukusuka kuGoogle), Yenza iKhowudi (Microsoft), kunye neenguqulelo ezilula zeendawo ezithile kwikhithi nganye, zibonelela ngenkqubo ebonakalayo, edlalwayo neqondakala lula.
• Iiprojekthi ezisekelwe kwimingeni kunye nokudlala imidlalo: Ukudala amabali asebenzisanayo, amabali ezibalo, okanye imingeni ephefumlelwe ziimeko zobomi bokwenyani kwandisa ukubandakanyeka. Umzekelo ungaba kukuhlela irobhothi ukuze ikwazi ukuhamba ngemiqobo "kumdyarho" okanye ukuphuhlisa "irobhothi yegadi" evula inzwa encinci.
• Ukufunda okudibene nezifundo: Iirobhothi zihlanganiswe njengesixhobo kwizibalo (ukusombulula iingxaki zokulinganisa kunye nejometri), isayensi (uvavanyo lwenzwa), ulwimi (amabali edijithali) okanye ubugcisa (uyilo kunye nokuhombisa iirobhothi).
• Ikhuthaza ukwenziwa kweenkqubo ezibonakalayo ngendlela eqondakala lula: Ii-icon kunye neebhloko zivumela nawuphi na umntwana ukuba aguqulele iingcamango ezinzima kulwimi lweerobhothi.
• Yenza ukufunda ngeerobhothi kubandakanye: Inika ukufikelela kubantwana bazo zonke izakhono. Amanyathelo afana Code.org y URoberta Basebenzela ukwahlukana kwamathuba alinganayo.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezenziwe ngokwakho okanye ezenziwe ekhaya: Ayizizo zonke izinto ezixhomekeke ekubeni nebhajethi! Iiprojekthi ezinje ngokwakha izibane zendlela, ii-automatons, okanye "iirobhothi" ngezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziphuhlisa ubuchule kunye nezakhono zokusombulula iingxaki.
• Ungalibali ukubaluleka kokudlala imidlalo kunye nokubalisa amabali: Ukusuka “kumabali asebenzisanayo” neerobhothi ukuya ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwimincintiswano yezikolo kunye neeligi (Iligi yokuqala yeLEGO), yonke into iyanceda ukugcina umdla uphila.
• Fundisa ngemigaqo yokuziphatha kunye noxanduva lwetekhnoloji ngeengxoxo kunye neengxaki: Cinga ngempembelelo yeerobhothi kuluntu, ubumfihlo, ukusetyenziswa ngokunenkathalo, kunye nokubandakanywa.

Iirobhothi kwiMfundo yamabanga aphakamileyo: Ubuchule bedijithali kunye neeprojekthi zokusebenzisana

Kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, i-robotics iba sisixhobo esinamandla sokujongana nobuchule bedijithali, ubunjineli kunye noyilo lwetekhnoloji, ivula ucango lweenkqubo zokubhala kunye neeprojekthi ezinomdla ezidibanisa izifundo ezahlukeneyo.

• Iikiti kunye namaqonga aphucukileyo ngakumbi: mBot, Arduino (Jonga iwebhusayithi esemthethweni), Raspberry Pi (Iwebhu yeRaspberry Pi), kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa kunye neendawo zobungcali ezifana IiSekethe zeTinkercad (Tinkercad) lungiselela abafundi imingeni yokwenyani neyokhuphiswano kwezobuchwepheshe.
• Iiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo nezenzelwe wena: Ukususela ekuyileni iirobhothi ezizisebenzela zodwa ukuya ekuhlanganiseni iigreenhouse ezincinci ezizisebenzela zodwa, "iimoto ezikrelekrele" okanye iinkqubo zokuzisebenzela ekhaya zesikolo.
• Iilwimi ezintsha zenkqubo: Iilwimi ezisekelwe kumbhalo ezifana nePython, iC++ (Arduino) zingaziswa, okanye ii-simulators zingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezibonakalayo.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwezifundo ezahlukeneyo: Izibalo zeendlela zokucwangcisa, ifiziksi yokwenza ngcono izinzwa kunye neemoto, isayensi yeeprojekthi zelebhu, iteknoloji yokudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa iisekethe, ulwimi lokubhala inkqubo, kunye nobugcisa bokuyila iikheyisi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso.
• Iiklabhu kunye neeworkshops zangaphandle kwesikolo: Imisebenzi engaphandle kweeyure ezisesikweni (iiklabhu zerobhothi, amagumbi e-makerspace) inika indawo ekhuselekileyo yokuzama nokufunda ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngokubambisana.
• Ukuthatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwesizwe nolwamazwe ngamazwe: Ukhuphiswano lukhuthaza, lufundisa icebo, kwaye lukhuthaza inkcubeko ye-STEM. Imizekelo: RoboCup.
• Imigaqo yokuziphatha kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokucinga ngokucokisekileyo: Izihloko ezigutyungelweyo ziquka ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ubumfihlo, impembelelo yoluntu yokwenziwa kwezinto ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokubandakanywa kwamaqela amancinci kwihlabathi le-STEM.
• Ukufunda okuzimeleyo kunye nokuzihlola: Abafundi bakhuthazwa ukuba benze uphando, bavavanye baze babelane ngezisombululo, bathathe umngcipheko kwaye benze iimpazamo ukuze baphucule.

Amanyathelo asebenzayo okuqalisa: ukusuka ekucwangciseni ukuya ekuphunyezweni

Nangona iirobhothi zemfundo zisenokubonakala zinzima kwabaninzi ekuqaleni, inyaniso kukuba zinokufikeleleka kuye nawuphi na utitshala onenkuthazo. Makhe sijonge indlela esebenzayo yokuqalisa olu hambo:

1. Cinga: Kutheni ufuna iirobhothi kwigumbi lokufundela? Chaza iinjongo zakho zemfundo. Ngaba ujonge ukuqinisa ikharityhulam, ukusebenza kwizakhono "ezithambileyo", unikele ingqalelo kubafundi abathile, okanye uzame iindlela ezintsha?
2. Hlalutya izixhobo zakho kwaye unciphise imakethi yakho: Bala uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, jonga iindawo ezikhoyo, qinisekisa ukufikelela kwiikhompyutha, inethiwekhi kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko.
3. Khetha izixhobo kunye neekiti ezifanelekileyo kwinqanaba labafundi: Qala ngokulula. Kwabantwana abasaqalayo kunye namabanga okuqala, gxila kwizixhobo ezingaxhunyiwe kwi-intanethi kunye neerobhothi ezincinci. Kwabafundi abasaqalayo, faka izixhobo ezinokuguquguquka ezifana neLEGO, iDash kunye neDot, iOzobot, kunye ne-mBot. Kwabafundi abasaqalayo, qhubela phambili ngeArduino, iRaspberry Pi, kunye namaqonga avulekileyo anokukhuliswa.
4. Nxibelelana namava okwenyani kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo: Funda uphononongo, khangela iividiyo zeeklasi zokwenyani, jonga iiprojekthi kwiiforam zootitshala (, bitbloq...), wabelana ngamathandabuzo nabanye ootitshala.
5. Yila isicwangciso somsebenzi: Qala ngomsebenzi olula, omnandi, nocacileyo. Zama ekhaya kuqala, uze ulungise umgangatho ukuze uvumelane nabafundi bakho.
6. Lungiselela usuku lokuqaliswa: Usuku lokuqala lwerobhothi kwigumbi lokufundela lukhethekile: lawula iimvakalelo, bonelela ngokuguquguquka, funa intsebenziswano (phinda kabini amagumbi okufundela, cela uncedo ukuba kunokwenzeka) kwaye uhlale unesicwangciso B.
7. Yenza iiseshoni ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba uvavanye ukuba indlela osebenza ngayo iyafaneleka okanye ayifuni utshintsho. Jonga indlela abafundi abaziphethe ngayo, uqaphele imingeni, kwaye wenze utshintsho olufunekayo.
8. Yenza okanye ujoyine inethiwekhi yenkxaso: Ukusebenzisana nabanye ootitshala, izikolo, okanye uluntu olufundisayo kwandisa ubuchule, kukuvumela ukuba wabelane ngamava, kwaye kuthintele ukuziva ungodwa.

Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo: amaqonga, isoftware, imidlalo, kunye nezixhobo ze-DIY zesigaba ngasinye

Iindidi zezixhobo ezikhoyo zokufundisa iirobhothi zininzi kakhulu, zombini kwizinto eziphathekayo (iikhithi, iirobhothi, iisensa) kunye nakwisoftware kunye namaqonga e-intanethi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukukhetha ezo zilungele iminyaka yakho, usukelo lwakho, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho:

• Kwabantwana:
  • Iirobhothi ezineenkqubo "ezingasebenziyo kwi-intanethi" (iBee-Bot, iCubetto, iCodi-caterpillar).
  • Iimathi ezineemxholo, amakhadi omngeni, amabali asebenzisanayo.
  • Iinxalenye ezinkulu kunye neesekethe zokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Kwizikolo zamabanga aphantsi:
  • Iikhithi ezifana neLEGO SPIKE, iDash kunye neDot, iOzobot, i-mBot, izixhobo ezineenzwa kunye nohlelo olulula.
  • Ukukrwela, iBlockly, iMakeCode, amaqonga abonakalayo kunye nezixhobo zokudibanisa imidlalo.
  • Izindululo ezenziwe ngokwakho: iirobhothi ezenziwe ekhaya ezinezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, imingeni yekhadibhodi, izinzwa "ezingabizi kakhulu".
• KwiSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo:
  • I-Arduino, iRaspberry Pi, iisensa eziphambili, iikhithi ezinokwandiswa kunye nezicwangciswayo ngolwimi olubhaliweyo.
  • IiSimulator (iiTinkercad Circuits, ezinye iiplatifomu zovavanyo olubonakalayo).
  • Iiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo: iimoto ezizisebenzela zodwa, ukuzisebenzela ekhaya, ukuzisebenzela kwigumbi lokufundela, ulawulo oluvela kwiiapps zeselfowuni.
• Izixhobo ezisebenzisa amaqonga ahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zasimahla kulo naliphi na inqanaba:
  • – ucwangciso olubonakalayo, iiprojekthi zoluntu, kunye nenethiwekhi enkulu yenkxaso.
  • – Iikhosi zenkqubo ezikhokelwayo zabantu bonke ubudala.
  • – Iqonga laseSpain lokuhlela iibhodi zehardware ezivulelekileyo kunye nokudala iiprojekthi zentsebenziswano.
  • Tinkercad – ukulinganisa kunye noyilo lweesekethe kunye nenkqubo ebonakalayo ngaphambi kokuba kuhlanganiswe ngokoqobo.
• Izixhobo ezibonakalayo kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo:
  • Iibhokisi zezixhobo, ubushushu, ukufuma, kunye nezinzwa zokukhanya, iimoto, kunye neendawo ezikhululekileyo zokwakha.
  • Izinto zokubhala, amakhadibhodi kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo eziza kusetyenziswa ukuncedisa iiprojekthi kwaye zinike umxholo wazo.
  • Ukugcinwa nokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezinto ukuze kuphuculwe izixhobo kwaye kuthintelwe ilahleko.

Iindlela ezilungileyo zokufundisa: indlela yokufezekisa iirobhothi zemfundo eziyinyani, ezikhuthazayo nezibandakanya wonke umntu

Ukudibanisa iirobhothi zemfundo akupheleli nje ekufumaneni izixhobo okanye iirobhothi zokucwangcisa, kodwa malunga nokuyila inkqubo eqhubekayo yokufunda kunye nenkuthazo. Amanye amanqaku abalulekileyo ekufuneka uwakhumbule rhoqo:

• Ulonwabo kunye nochulumanco zisisiseko: Ukususela kwisikolo sabantwana abancinci ukuya kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, akukho ukufunda ngaphandle kokonwaba. Sebenzisa imingeni, amabali, kunye "nezinto ezimangalisayo zobuchwepheshe."
• Iimpazamo zingabantu abasebenzisana nathi, hayi iintshaba: Ukufundisa indlela yokulawula ukukhungatheka nokunyamezela xa iirobhothi zingasebenzi yenye yezona zifundo zibalaseleyo.
• Ikhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye nokwahlukahluka: Ukusebenza kumaqela ahlukeneyo, ukwabela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nokunika ithuba bonke abantu abathethayo kukhuthaza ubuchule kunye nokufunda okwenyani.
• Cinga kwihlabathi liphela, yenza izinto ngokwendawo: Nxibelelanisa iiprojekthi nemiba yasekuhlaleni okanye yehlabathi (imeko-bume, ukubandakanywa, ukunceda abantu).
• Ubunzima buyanda ngokuthe ngcembe: Phakamisa umgangatho xa uqaphela ukuba abafundi bafumana ukuzithemba, kodwa rhoqo uqala kwiziseko ezikhuselekileyo neziphumelelayo.
• Sebenzisa uvavanyo njengesixhobo sokuphucula: Endaweni yovavanyo, sebenzisa iirubrikhi ezivavanya ubuchule, intsebenziswano, unxibelelwano, ubuqambi, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.
• Lumka ngokukhetha kwakho iimpawu kunye nemixholo: Khetha iimpawu ezidumileyo kwaye uphephe iirobhothi "ezinomxholo" ogqithisileyo okanye ezinxulumene neefashoni ezidlulayo (iiStar Wars, ii-superheroes), ukuze ufumane ukubandakanywa kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi.
• Ungalibali indawo yokugcina izinto kunye neenkonzo zothutho: Lungisa kakuhle izixhobo, ube nomntu ophethe iqela ngalinye, kwaye unakekele izixhobo ukuze zihlale ixesha elide.

Iirobhothi zemfundo zokubandakanya, ukwahluka kunye neemfuno ezithile

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiirobhothi zemfundo kukuba zinamandla okubandakanya wonke umntu. Iiprojekthi ezicwangciswe kakuhle zinokuba ngundoqo ekudibaniseni abafundi abaneemfuno ezahlukeneyo ekufundeni:

• Izakhono eziphezulu: Imingeni evulelekileyo kunye neeprojekthi ezenzelwe wena zibonelela ngesiseko esichumileyo sophando kunye nokudala ngesantya sakho.
• Abafundi abanobuchule: Inkululeko yokuyila, ukwakha, kunye nokuhombisa iirobhothi iphucula indlela oziveza ngayo kunye nomdla oqhubekayo.
• Ubunzima bokufunda, i-ADHD, i-dyslexia: Indlela esebenza ngezandla nesebenzisa izakhono ezininzi yenza kube lula ukuqonda nokulawula ingqalelo. Ukulawula ingqondo kunceda ekuqiniseni iingcamango.
• Ukungabikho kwenkuthazo kwi-STEM: I-Robotics inomtsalane ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwesayensi ngokwenene nokonwabisayo, ivuselela umdla wabafundi ababevakalelwa kukuba ezi zifundo aziqhelekanga kubo.
• Imbono yesini kunye nokwahlukahluka: Inika ukubonakala kwabasetyhini kunye nabantu abavela kumaqela ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi letekhnoloji, kwaye ikhetha iiprojekthi ezibandakanya uluntu (iirobhothi zokunceda abantu, ukuziqhelanisa okwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo, njl.njl.).

Ubuchule kunye nekamva leerobhothi zemfundo ezikolweni

Iirobhothi ezikolweni aziyonto yokuchitha imali eninzi okanye into eyongezelelweyo, kodwa kukuzibophelela ekulungiseleleni abafundi nakweyiphi na inqanaba ikamva lobuchwepheshe nelentlalo.. Indima katitshala ngoku kukuba ngumkhokeli, umcebisi, kunye nomququzeleli wokufunda; akufuneki ukuba ube yinjineli okanye ukwazi zonke iilwimi zokubhala iinkqubo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuzimisela ukufunda nokuzama kunye nabafundi, ukukhulisa umdla, intlonipho ngeempazamo, kunye nentsebenziswano.

Amathuba okuphucula anikezelwa yirobhothi—ukusuka ekudlaleni kwimfundo yabantwana abancinci ukuya kwiiprojekthi ezinefuthe kwihlabathi liphela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo—ayiphuculi nje kuphela ingqalelo kunye nokusebenza kodwa ikwalungiselela abafundi ubomi bokwenyani kunye nemisebenzi yangomso. Isitshixo sisekuhlengahlengiseni iprojekthi nganye ngokweemfuno zokwenyani zabafundi kunye neemeko, ukubanika amandla okuthatha indima yokukhokela, kunye nokuzibophelela ekufundeni okunentsingiselo nokwenziwe ngumntu ngamnye.

Yintoni iScratch: isikhokelo esipheleleyo solwimi lwenkqubo olubonakalayo lokufunda ngokudala